盗窃后勒索财物行为的刑法评价  

The Evaluation of Act of Extortion of Property after Theft in Criminal Law

作　　者：郭小亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西警察学院,江西南昌330100

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2015年第5期54-61,共8页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：江西省社会科学研究"十二五"规划项目"罪数理论研究"(12FX03);江西警察学院科研项目"财产犯罪的事后行为研究"(2014YB010)阶段性成果

摘　　要：盗窃后勒索财物的行为,不属于不可罚的事后行为,应当单独定罪评价。盗窃车牌等价值低廉或者仅具有主观价值的财物后勒索的,以敲诈勒索罪论处。盗窃营业执照等国家机关证件后勒索的,构成盗窃国家机关证件罪和敲诈勒索罪的牵连犯。盗窃仪表盘等价值较大财物的,若行为人盗窃之前即有勒索意图,则欠缺非法占有目的这一主观超过要素,不成立盗窃罪,应认定为敲诈勒索罪;若行为人盗窃之后产生勒索意图的,以盗窃罪和敲诈勒索罪并罚;若盗窃之前兼具非法占有和勒索意图,构成盗窃罪和敲诈勒索罪的牵连犯。勒索得逞后继续占有利用价值较大的被盗财物的,仍成立盗窃罪。勒索得逞后毁坏、丢弃或者隐匿不归还被盗财物的,另行成立故意毁坏财物罪。The behavior of extorting property after the theft is not an act of non-penalty,however,it should be evaluated separately. The act of extorting property after stealing things with low value,such as car plates,or possessions only with subjective value should be punished as crime of extort. The act of extorting property after stealing certificates of state institutions,such as business license,should be regarded as one kind of implicated offense of the crime of theft of official documents and crime of extortion. The act of extorting property after stealing valuable property,such as the instrument panel,should be evaluated according to the actors’ subjective state of mind. If he has the intention of extorting property before the behavior of stealing,it should be regarded as a crime of extort not as crime of theft because the actor does not have the mind of illegal possession.If the actor’s intention of extorting property occurs after the behavior of stealing,it should be punished as the crime of theft and the crime of extort. If the actor has both the intention of extorting and illegal possession before the behavior of stealing,then his act should be evaluated as the implicated offense of crime of theft and crime of extortion. If the actor continue to occupy the valuable property after completing the extortion,this act should be regarded as crime of theft. If the actor destruct,discard,conceal or does not return the stolen property,then he should be accused of crime of intentional destruction of property.

关 键 词：盗窃罪 敲诈勒索罪 不可罚的事后行为 胁迫 刑法评价 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学]