深圳市产妇、新生儿和少儿体内重金属负荷水平研究  

Body Burden of Heavy Metals in Shenzhen Susceptible Population

作　　者：彭朝琼[1] 余淑苑[1] 刘桂华[1] 季佳佳[1] 张慧敏[1] 刘宁[1] 刘国红[1] 孙群露 林奕芝 

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心 [2]宝安区疾病预防控制中心 [3]福田区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2015年第4期307-311,316,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：卫生行业科研专项(201002001)

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市敏感人群体内铬、砷、镉、汞、铅5种重金属的负荷水平。方法选择环境重金属污染敏感人群（包括产妇、新生儿和3~5年级儿童）,采集产妇静脉血、胎儿脐血、儿童静脉血以及产妇和儿童的尿液,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定全血和尿液中镉、铅、铬、砷、汞的含量。结果产妇静脉血中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅质量浓度分别为2.58、1.57、0.99、1.66和18.52μg/L,新生儿脐带血重金属质量浓度分别为1.63、1.49、0.03、3.28和15.38μg/L;产妇尿中5种重金属的质量浓度分别为4.41、94.85、1.58、2.02和6.14μg/g·肌酐,尿镉和尿汞超标率分别为2.63%和7.14%;儿童静脉血中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅质量浓度分别为3.90、1.94、0.48、1.67和30.85μg/L,3名儿童血铅超标,尿中5种重金属的质量浓度分别为4.19、107.67、0.79、1.20和4.21μg/g·肌酐,仅1名儿童尿砷超标,12名儿童尿汞超标;尿样与血样中砷、镉、汞质量浓度呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论人体生物样本中重金属质量浓度个体差异较大,本次调查的深圳地区重金属污染敏感人群（产妇、新生儿和儿童）体内重金属负荷水平远低于大多数其它国家和地区,但仍存在重金属铅、砷、汞、镉超标情况。Objective To investigate the body burden of chromium（ Cr）,arsenic（ As）,cadmium（ Cd）,mercury（ Hg） and lead（ Pb） in susceptible population in Shenzhen. Methods The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in blood and urine of susceptible population,including venous blood and urine of parturient women,umbilical cord blood,venous blood and urine of school children at grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ,were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS） to determine the environmental pollution of heavy metals in Shenzhen. Results The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in maternal blood samples were 2. 58,1. 57,0. 99,1. 66 and 18. 52 μg / L respectively; and the concentration in cord blood samples were 1. 63,1. 49,0. 03,3. 28 and 15. 38 μg / L,respectively. According to the existing national standard,the concentration of Cd and Hg in 2. 63% and 7. 14% of maternal urine samples were exceeded the upper limits; the concentration of Pb in blood of 3 children,the concentration of As in urine of 1 children,and the concentration of Hg in urine of 12 children were exceeded the upper limits. The concentration of As,Cd and Hg in blood was correlated with those in urine（ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusions There was a great individual variation on the concentrations of heavy metal in biological samples. The exposure of heavy metals in susceptible population in Shenzhen was lower than that in other countries and areas,but the pollution of Pb,As,Hg and Cd should be taken into account.

关 键 词：重金属 敏感人群 负荷水平 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]