驾驶人危险感知影响因素建模与试验  

Modeling and experimental of influencing factors of drivers' hazard perception

作　　者：杨京帅[1] 李秀丽[1] 任书杭 王婷[1] 高扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期104-110,共7页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51108040;51208052);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(310822151022;2014G1221014);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAH23F01-1)

摘　　要：为了分析驾驶人危险感知的影响因素,对驾驶人危险感知的影响因素进行演绎推理与试验分析。采用事故树分析建模与试验测试相结合的方式,剖析了驾驶人危险感知的影响因素并验证了影响因素的有效性。研究结果表明:驾驶人危险感知的影响因素来自于2个方面,一是危险与背景交通情境的特征,二是驾驶人的视觉搜索效率与认知水平;潜在危险与实际危险在识别率、发现速度和注视时间上有显著性差异(p<0.01);动态危险的发现速度高于静态危险(p<0.01)且受到的注视时间更长(p<0.01);熟练驾驶人相比非熟练驾驶人能够发现更多的危险信息(p<0.01),能够更加快速地发现危险(p<0.01),对危险的注视时间更长(p<0.01);熟练驾驶人对于交通情境的演变预测与判别更准确(p<0.01),并具有更高的自信程度(p<0.01)。In order to search for the influencing factors of drivers＇ hazard perception, this paper adopted methods of deductive reasoning and experimental test to analyze drivers＇ hazard perception. Based on the integration of fault tree analysis （FTA） model and experimental test, the influencing factors of drivers＇ hazard perception was studied and the validity was verified. The results indicate that influencing factors of drivers＇ hazard perception come from two aspects. One is about the characteristics of hazards and background traffic situations. The other is about drivers＇ visual searching efficiency and situation cognition level. There is significant difference between latent hazards and factual hazards in hazards recognition efficiency, detection speed and fixation duration （p〈0.01）. Dynamic hazards are found faster than static hazards （p〈0.01）, and are fixated more time （p〈0. 01）. Experienced drivers can find more dangerous information （p〈0.01）, can find them faster （p〈0.01）, and fixate on hazards more time than novice drivers （p〈0.01）. Experienced drivers show higher accuracy in forecasting and judging traffic situation evolution （p〈0.01） and have higher confidence （p〈0.01）. 5 tabs, 5 figs, 16 refs.

关 键 词：交通工程 道路交通安全 事故树分析 驾驶人 危险感知 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]