面向双目标时刻瓶颈模型——交通错峰原理  

Bottleneck model for bi-arrival time: Principle of staggered work hours

作　　者：陈蒂[1] 张宁[1] 刘利娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2015年第8期52-60,共9页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70971003)

摘　　要：揭示了交通错峰管理的基本原理及错峰政策缓解交通拥堵的判决条件.通过对Vickrey瓶颈模型进行双目标时刻的扩展,引入了错峰黏性系数,提出了双峰相定理和混行相定理.双峰相定理给出了排队呈现双峰和单峰的充分必要条件,混行相定理给出了排队呈现单峰时两类出行者出发时刻混行的条件及人数比例.当错峰间隔固定时,科学调整不同类别出行人数的比例,可以降低总排队时间,减缓交通拥堵.当总人数固定时,错峰间隔超过一定阈值,错峰出行才能够降低总排队时间.最后的数值算例对结论进行了验证.This paper presents the queuing principle for staggered work hours and the methodology of congestion reduction in view of the policy for staggered work hours. The double-peaked phase theorem and the mixed phase theorem are formulated by extending the Vickrey＇ s bottleneck model in bi-arrival time and by introducing the concept of the staggered viscosity coefficient. The double-peaked phase theorem determines the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of the double-peaked or single-peaked queue. The proportion of travelers with mixed departure time for the two categories of travelers is resulted from the single-peaked queue in mixed phase theorem. Given the staggered time interval, the total queuing time or traffic congestion can be reduced by properly adjusting the ratio of the two categories of travelers. Given the volume of all travelers, the total queuing time keeps constant until the staggered time interval exceed a threshold. Three numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the principle and the related conclusions.

关 键 词：瓶颈模型 错峰 拥堵 交通 优化 管理科学 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]