三峡水库蓄水后铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉和肝脏中重金属水平  

THE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE MUSCLES AND THE LIVERS OF COREIUS HETERODON AND COREIVS GUICHENOTI AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

作　　者：夏雨果[1,2] 张黎[3] 陈思宝[1,2] H.A.C.C.PERERA 李钟杰[1] 张堂林[1] 叶少文[1] 苑晶[1] 刘家寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2015年第5期861-868,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(环保)科研专项(201409037);中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目(CT-12-08-01)资助

摘　　要：为了解三峡水库蓄水后鱼体重金属富集现状及其潜在的生态风险和食品安全,测定了三峡水库上、中、下游不同年龄组铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)和圆口铜鱼(C.guichenoti)肌肉和肝脏中重金属含量。利用等离子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法检测样品中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、As等7种重金属含量。结果表明:7种重金属在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼体内的含量水平基本一致,重金属在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉中含量大小均为Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>As≥Pb>Cd,在铜鱼肝脏中含量大小为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Cr>As>Hg,而在圆口铜鱼肝脏中含量大小为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As。铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肝脏中重金属含量显著高于肌肉(P<0.05)。两种鱼类间大部分重金属在库区上、中、下游无显著差异(P>0.05)。铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉(可食用部分)中7种重金属含量均未超过国家食品安全卫生标准,属于安全食用范围;肝脏中除Cd和Pb外的其他元素含量均未超过国家标准。相关结果反映了三峡水库175 m蓄水后底栖土著经济鱼类重金属的污染状况,对了解该地区水产品质量安全状况及水产品安全评价提供了参考依据。In this study, we measured the contents of heavy metals in the muscles and the livers of Coreius heterodon and C. guichenoti of different ages in the upper-, middle-, and down-streams of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. We aimed to clarify the current situation of heavy metal pollutions in the native species in the TGR, and to assess the poten- tial risks in the fish ecosystem and food safety. The concentrations of Mercury （Hg）, arsenic （As）, lead （Pb）, cadmium （Cd）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn） and chromium （Cr） in the muscles and livers of fish were determined with the methods of plasma absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The concentrations in the muscles of the two fish species were Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Hg〉As ≥ Pb〉Cd. In the livers, the orders were Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Cr〉As〉Hg, and Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Cd〉Hg〉for C. heterodon and C. guichenoti respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the livers were significantly higher than that in the muscles （P〈0.05）. Overall there was no significant difference in the concentration of each heavy metal between the individuals obtained from different locations, although there were a few exceptions. The concentrations of heavy metals in the muscles-the edible part of fishwere all under the limit according to the National Standards of Aquatic Product Safety. The concentrations of most heavy metals （except for Cd and Pb） in the livers were also in the safe range. These results uncovered the current status of heavy metal pollutions in the two indigenous economic fish species in the TGR, and contributed to better under- standing of the quality and safety of the aquatic products in this area.

关 键 词：铜鱼 圆口铜鱼 重金属 生物积累 三峡水库 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]