“后发优势”理论在中国休闲体育发展中的应用  

Application of “Late-Development Advantage”Theory in the Development of Leisure Sports in China

作　　者：张锐[1] 张景瑜[1] 张冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学体育教研部,北京100871

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2015年第8期13-19,111,共8页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(项目编号:11ATY003);国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:10BTY013)

摘　　要：综合运用文献资料法、社会学研究中归纳演绎的方法,对我国休闲体育的发展、路径进行研究。研究梳理了"后发优势"理论的主要观点和适用条件,得出我国休闲体育发育早,发展慢的特点,适合使用"后发优势"理论进行规划设计,可以运用在我国休闲体育研究之中,并根据理论提出针对性建议。研究结论:我国休闲体育发展的"后发优势"主要体现在资金利用的高效,政策"松绑"获得的发展空间,技术模仿的低成本,经济结构调整过程中的产业转移,以及全球化视野下"公共产品"溢出带来的便利。同时,"后发优势"的局限性主要体现在"后发优势"的不断变化要求更加准确及时的自我定位。从业人员的"数量"和"质量"成为现阶段休闲体育发展的瓶颈。研究认为休闲体育在发展过程中,应更多的发挥市场的主体作用。加大技术模仿力度,增强管理创新速度。注重发挥我国特色休闲体育。重视专门性、高水平人才的培养。综上所述,我国休闲体育发展具有广阔前景,其"后发地位"能够成为"后发优势"。This study explored the development way of leisure sports in China by the methods of literature review and induction and deduction in sociology. This paper analyzed the main points and conditions of ＂late-development advantage＂theory and concluded that leisure sports started early but developed slowly in China. ＂Late-development advantage＂theory can be used in China leisure sports research and provide countermeasures for planning and designing China leisure sports development. Conclusions： Late-development advantages of China leisure sports development are efficient capital utility,large space by policy change,low cost of technology imitation,convenience brought by industrial transferring in the economic structure adjustment and public goods in globalization perspective. And the main disadvantages of late-development need more accurate self-positioning. The quality and quantity of participators are the bottlenecks of present leisure sports development. This paper suggested that more exerting the dominant role of market,increasing technology imitation,speeding up management innovation,developing Chinese characteristics,and culturing specialized and high level talents should be noticed in the development process of China leisure sports. Leisure sports has broad prospect in China and its＂late-development status＂should become ＂late-development advantage＂.

关 键 词：休闲体育 后发优势 技术模仿 结构调整 人才培养 

分 类 号：G812[文化科学—体育学]