关中平原麦田干热风过程陆气交换特征的数值模拟  

Modeling the land-atmosphere interaction features during a dry-hot wind process above the wheat land on Guanzhong Plateau

作　　者：王姝[1] 刘树华[1] 郑辉[2] 缪育聪[1] 李源[3] 赵靖川[4] 盛黎[5] 郑亦佳[1] 朱琳[6] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系,北京100871 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京100029 [3]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191 [4]云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院大气科学系,昆明650091 [5]中国气象局国家气象中心,北京100081 [6]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2015年第4期1481-1491,共11页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAH29B03)资助

摘　　要：干热风是常发生在中国北方冬小麦产区的高温、低湿、风速较大,并伴随有强热量交换和水分蒸发过程的农业气象灾害.当其发生时如果不能保证作物水分的供给,将严重影响产量.因此,开展干热风发生机理的准确模拟与预报,对指导采取适时的农田管理措施,保障小麦产量至关重要.本文应用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)输出结果驱动北京大学陆面模式PKULM(Peking University Land Model)的模拟方法,结合气象台站观测与风云3A卫星遥感反演的叶面积指数数据,对关中平原2008-2013六年间干热风过程中农田生态系统温度、湿度、风速、感热通量、潜热通量等陆气交换特征进行了数值模拟.准确模拟出了干热风发生期间的大气温度、相对湿度、风速、土壤温度、土壤含水量及冠层感热通量、总感热通量、冠层潜热通量和总潜热通量等关键要素特征,揭示了本地区干热风的两种形成机制.模拟结果表明:WRF对干热风过程的温度场、湿度场与风场模拟比较准确,PKULM对于植物在干热风过程中、特别是气孔关闭阶段的感热、潜热通量的模拟明显优于WRF-Noah LSM(Noah Land Surface Model)的模拟效果.模拟结果与相应气象要素的观测值数值接近、变化趋势一致,在实际干热风发生时间段内的各要素模拟值均达到干热风指标,因此使用本模式系统模拟预报干热风灾害是可行的.The drFhot wind, a kind of agricultural hazard with high temperature, low moisture and specified wind as well as strong heat transfer and evaporation, usually occurs in winter wheat planting region over north China during pre-harvest period. With no effective water supply, dry-hot wind will be a threat to wheat yield. It＇s crucial for guarantee wheat yield to simulate mechanism of dry-hot wind occurrence and forecast it. With meteorological observation data and leaf area index data retrieved from FY-3A satellite, a downscaling approach was adopted to couple PKULM （Peking University Land Model） with WRF （Weather Research and Forecasting） to simulate features of land-atmospheric interaction： temperature, relative humidity, wind field, sensible and latent heat flux, etc. during a dry-hot wind process from 2008 to 2013 over Guanzhong Plateau. Two mechanisms of dry-hot wind formation are revealed. Meteorological field simulated by WRF is reliable. Latent heat flux after stomatal closure simulated by PKULM is much noticeable than that by Noah LSM （Noah Land Surface Model） individually. Simulation by coupled model fits on observation data consistently and can represent the physical process. On dry-hot wind days verified by observation, simulation of each essential factor reach the dry-hot wind criteria threshold simultaneously, which indicates this coupled approach to simulate and forecast agricultural hazards is practical.

关 键 词：干热风 WRF 北京大学陆面过程模式 叶面积指数 陆气交换 关中平原 

分 类 号：P352[天文地球—空间物理学]