美国证明妨碍推定的理论与实践  

The theory and practice of the spoliation of evidence in the U.S.

作　　者：赵信会[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学法学院

出　　处：《证据科学》2015年第4期431-439,共9页Evidence Science

基　　金：中国法学会2012年部级课题<证明妨碍推定的法理及适用条件研究>(编号:CLS(2012)D207)

摘　　要：自1722年英国法院创立证明妨碍推定措施以来,证明妨碍推定一直是英美法院通常的证明妨碍制裁或者救济方法。不过近年来学者对美国的证明妨碍推定之适用在多方面提出了异议,包括其是否促进发现真实、是否有助于证明妨碍规制制度的目标实现、是否有助于诉讼程序的顺利进行等等。偏爱证明妨碍推定的美国司法实践或含蓄或直接地回应了理论上的批判。关注证明妨碍推定的理论与证明妨碍推定的美国实践,可能在较大程度上促进我国证明妨碍推定的研究与适用。The spohation presumption, since it was established by the British courts in 1722, has always been applied by the American and British courts to impose sanctions or provide relief. But scholars raise doubts about the application of spoliation inference from various aspects. These doubts include whether the spoliation inference could promote the truth finding, whether the spoliation could assist to accomplish the goal of the spoliation institution, and whether the spoliation could smooth the civil proceeding. But such critiques are declined either directly or implicitly by the U.S. courts＇ preferring application of the spoliation presumption. Paying close attention to both the theory and the practice of the U.S. law of spoliation might improve the research and the application of the spoliation inference in China.

关 键 词：证明妨碍 证明妨碍推定 正当程序 发现真实 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]