从社区福利到国家事业——清末以来乡村学校的公产及经费来源  

From Community Welfare to State Cause—— The Commons of Village School and Mechanism of Educational Financing since Late Qing

作　　者：张佩国[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学人类学与民俗学研究所,上海200444

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第10期156-167,共12页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"公共产权与乡村合作机制研究"(13YJA840035)的阶段性成果;"上海高校一流学科(B类)建设计划"资助

摘　　要：从清末的"庙产兴学"、民国时期的"废庙兴学",到集体主义时代的"两条腿走路""开门办学",再到新时期的"集资办学"及当下的"免费义务教育",乡村学校公产权属和经费筹措机制始终是乡村教育发展的核心问题,乡村教育实践机制经历了由社区整体福利到短缺福利再到国家事业的转变过程。而在20世纪乡村教育发展史中,国家始终是在场的,其间国家形态也实现了由贡赋制国家到全能型国家再到发展型国家的转型。From constructing schools with the commons of temples in late Qing Dynasty, establishing schools as abolishing temples in Republic of China, ＂walking with two legs＂ and ＂opening education＂ in Collectivization Era to the ＂raising funds to establish schools＂ in New Era and the so-called ＂free compulsory education＂ by now, the commons of village school and mechanism of raising funds has been a core of the rural education development. Furthermore, the rural education practice experienced a transformation from the mode of community as a whole benefits, shortage welfare to the state cause. In the development of rural education in 20th century, the state has been always present in the process from Tributary State, the Almighty State to the Developing State.

关 键 词：村学公产 社区福利 国家转型 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]