钢轨探伤车自主化超声检测系统的关键技术  

Key Technology to Autonomous Ultrasonic Detection System of Rail Flaw Detection Car

作　　者：张玉华[1] 许贵阳[1] 李培[1] 石永生[1] 黄筱妍 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院基础设施检测研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2015年第5期131-136,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划重大项目(2012G004-A);中国铁道科学研究院铁道科学技术研究发展中心重点项目(J2014G001);中国铁道科学研究院基础设施检测研究所基金资助项目(12JC225)

摘　　要：钢轨探伤车既有超声检测系统均为国外引进,为克服既有超声检测系统维护升级困难、数据传输与处理能力及伤损识别能力不足等问题,开展超声检测系统的自主化研究。空间转换计算机中的发射接收板和发射接收处理板分别采用模拟器件和数字器件,且相互独立设置;因为各闸门的回波声程测量数据的量大且实时性要求最高,故采用直接存储器存取技术传输;对于超声波通道控制参数,由于其数据量最小且实时性要求最低,故采用PXI总线技术传输;超声波回波重定位数据的量及实时性要求中等,因此采用TCP/IP协议方式传输;超声波重定位的计算采用并行查表转换方法,并且运用基于决策树的伤损智能识别算法实现了钢轨伤损的智能识别。与既有的超声检测系统相比,自主化系统在0.5~68.4km·h-1的检测速度范围内有更小的扫查间距,在0.5km·h-1以下和68.4km·h-1以上的检测速度范围内二者的扫查间距相等;在平均伤损误报率基本相当的前提下,自主化系统的平均人工伤损检出率比既有系统提高了7%以上。All the existing ultrasonic detection systems of rail flaw detection cars in our country are imported from abroad. To overcome the deficiencies, such as difficult maintenance and upgrade, poor data transmission and processing and low flaw recognition rate, the ultrasonic detection system was autono- mously developed. In space conversion computer, analog and digital devices were adopted for transmitting/ receiving boards and transmitting/receiving process boards respectively and were independent from each other. Since the echo time measurement data of each gate were rather large and with the highest real-time requirements, direct memory access technology was adopted for data transmission. For the control parame- ters of ultrasonic channels, because of the minimum data and lowest real-time requirements, PXI bus technology was adopted for data transmission. Since the relocation data of ultrasonic echo was moderate and had medium real-time requirements, TCP/IP protocol mode was adopted for data transmission. Parallel lookup transformation method was used to calculate ultrasonic echo relocation. The intelligent recognition for rail damage was realized by the algorithm based on decision tree. Compared with the existing ultrasonic detection system, the autonomous system had smaller scanning space under the detection speed from 0. 5 km h-1 to 68.4 km h-1 and had equal scanning space under the detection speed below 0.5 km h-1 or above 68.4 km h-1. Under the premise that the average error rates were almost the same, the artificial flaw detection rate of autonomous system was over 7% higher than that of the existing system.

关 键 词：钢轨 超声波探伤 超声检测系统 自主化研究 伤损识别 

分 类 号：U213.43[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]