中小学生眼放松行为现状及其对视力的影响  

Positive effects of eye relaxation exercises on eyesight among primary and middle school students

作　　者：郝志红[1] 郭慧红 马兴爱[1] 毛馨 石倩[1] 王莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,太原030001 [2]太原市晋源区教育局体卫艺科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第9期1310-1312,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解太原市中小学生选择眼放松行为现况及其对视力的影响,为儿童青少年视力不良的有效防控提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取太原市1 435名城乡中小学生进行问卷调查和视力检查。结果中小学生视力不良检出率为61.4%,学生眼放松行为以选择"闭目"(56.8%)、"远眺"(54.9%)为主,选择"滴眼药水"(4.0%)最少;采用1种眼放松行为461人(32.13%)、2种386人(26.90%)、3种393人(27.39%)、4种129人(9.0%)、5种66人(4.6%);其中女生"闭目"行为选择率高于男生(χ2=7.790,P<0.05),城区学生"闭目""远眺"行为选择率高于郊县区学生(P<0.05)。随年级的升高,"远眺"和"闭目"行为选择率呈增高趋势,"眼保健操"行为选择率呈下降趋势(χ2值分别为10.547,10.452,P值均<0.05)。选择"远眺""滴眼药水"行为的学生左/右眼视力变化趋向好于没有选择"滴眼药水"行为的学生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.406,2.762,P值均<0.05)。多重线性回归结果显示,影响视力变化的因素有地区、滴眼药水、持续用眼后眼放松频率、平均每天是否能坚持做眼保健操(P值均<0.05)。结论远眺、户外运动、眼保健操、闭目、看绿色植物、滴眼药水等眼放松行为可缓解视觉疲劳,改善视力,可综合使用保护儿童青少年视力。Objective To investigate effects of eye relaxation exercises on eyesight among primary and middle school students in Taiyuan. Results might provide empirical evidence for myopia prevention. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling was conducted to select 1 435 students from urban and rural areas. Questionnaire and visual acuity measurement were included in this survey. Results The detection rate of poor vision was 61.4%. The students mainly chose eye closure （ 56.8% ） and look into distance （54.9%）, and few of them chose eye drops （4.0%）. About 32.13% of students chose only 1 eye relaxation method, 29.9% ,27.39% and 9% of students chose 2,3 and 4 methods. Eye closure exercise was higher among female and urban students than male and rural students. The selection of closure and look into distance increased with grade, however eye exercises decreased with grade（P〈0.05）. Eyesight in the left and right eye among students who chose eye drops tended to be better（ t = 2.406,2.762, P 〈0.05 ）. Factors that influenced eyesight included region,eye drops,frequency of eye relaxation and persistence on eye exercises（ P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Eye relaxation exercises including looking into distance,eye closure and eye drops have positive effects on eyesight especially used in combination.

关 键 词：眼 行为 视力 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R778[文化科学—教育技术学]