长白山阔叶红松林中影响乔木幼苗存活的关键因素  

Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on tree seedling survival in a broad-leaved Korean pine( Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest on Changbai Mountain

作　　者：肖翠[1] 刘帅[1] 黄珍[1] 樊莹[1] 王均伟[1] 赵秀海[1] 唐景毅 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]吉林省白河林业局,吉林133600

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第19期6557-6565,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题(2012BAD22B0203;2012BAC01B03);北京市共建项目专项(天然林生物多样性保护技术与杨树抗逆机理研究2012)

摘　　要：应用广义线性混合模型,对长白山阔叶红松林中影响幼苗存活的生物因素和非生物因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)在群落水平上,幼苗存活率和生物因素中同种幼苗邻居显著负相关,说明在阔叶红松林群落中存在负密度制约效应。(2)生物因子和非生物因子对不同年龄阶段的幼苗存活率影响不同。对于1年生的幼苗,幼苗存活率与异种大树邻居呈显著负相关,与同种大树邻居呈显著正相关;对于2—3年生的幼苗,其存活率和同种幼苗邻居、同种大树邻居均呈显著负相关,和非生物因子相关不显著;对于4年生以上的幼苗,其存活率和土壤主成分分析的PC1(低的有机质、速效钾、速效氮等比较贫瘠的土壤)显著负相关。(3)种子的传播方式不同,幼苗存活率的影响因子也不同。对于风传播的物种,存活率与同种幼苗邻居密度显著正相关。对于重力传播的物种,幼苗存活率与土壤PC3(高的全氮和速效氮,含氮较高的土壤)、异种大树邻居、草本密度呈负相关,与林冠开阔度和草本盖度成正相关。(4)对于不同的物种,影响幼苗存活的因素也不同。紫椴的幼苗存活率与土壤PC3、异种大树邻居、草本密度呈显著负相关,与土壤主成分PC2(高的有机质和全氮等养分比较好的土壤)呈显著正相关。Seedling recruitment plays a key role in determining species composition and diversity. Exploring patterns of seedling dynamics can therefore provide crucial insights into the mechanisms that affect seedling recruitment. The broadleaved Korean pine（ Pinus koraiensis） mixed forest is a temperate forest typical of northeast China. In 2007,we established a 1 hm^2 plot in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountain,northeast China. We identified,tagged,and mapped each tree with diameter at breast height ≥1 cm. At the same time,we set up 100 seedling quadrats of 1m ×1m which were censused every July. In total,we collected data on 1288 adult trees and 965 seedlings in the 1 hm^2 plot between 2012 and 2013,and examined the importance of biotic and abiotic factors on seedling survival using a generalized mixed linear model. Biotic factors included presence of conspecific seedling neighbors and heterospecific seedling neighbors,presence of conspecific adult neighbors and heterospecific adult neighbors,and herb density and herb cover. Abiotic factors included soil organic matter,available soil phosphorus,available soil potassium,available soil nitrogen,total soil nitrogen,and canopy openness. Conspecific neighbors had a significant negative effect on seedling survival at the community level,indicating significant negative density-dependence effects. The effects of biotic and abiotic factors on seedlings differed with seedling age. Conspecific adult neighbors and canopy openness had significant positive effects on survival of,1-year seedlings while heterospecific adult neighbors had a significant negative effect. In contrast,for 2- to 3-year-old seedlings,conspecific seedling neighbors and conspecific adult neighbors showed a significant negative effect on seedling survival,but abiotic factors had no significant effect. Moreover,for ≥4-year-old seedlings,soil PC axis 1（ associated with low organic matter available K,available N,and total N） showed a significant negative effect on survival. Fact

关 键 词：长白山阔叶红松林 广义线性混合模型 生物因素 非生物因素 幼苗存活 

分 类 号：S725.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]