论疫苗接种致害因果关系的举证责任分配  

The Discussion about the Burden of Proof of Causal Relationship between Mandatory Vaccination and Damage

作　　者：孙煜华[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《河北法学》2015年第10期72-79,共8页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目<强制免疫接种行为的赔偿和补偿问题研究>(14CFX031)阶段性成果

摘　　要：强制接种疫苗的社会本位性、弱自治性以及化解相关纠纷的迫近性,决定了强制接种致害与一般医疗致害应适用不同的因果关系举证责任规则。强制接种致害应当实行有条件的因果关系举证责任倒置规则,即原告仅需证明其在法定时间内出现法定症状,而被告则需要证明损害与接种之间没有因果关系。相比之下,自愿接种致害与一般医疗致害性质类似,原则上应由原告证明损害与接种行为之间存在因果关系,但在双方举证能力明显失衡的情况下,应由法官决定是否将举证责任转移至被告。Mandatory vaccination has deep social foundation, weak autonomy and the urgency of resolving relevant disputes, which necessitates different rules of burden of proof in the causal relationship between mandatory vaccine damage cases and medical damage cases. Mandatory vaccine damage cases should utilize conditional inverted burden of proof in causal relationship. The plaintiff should only be required to prove that he or she has developed certain symptoms provided in the law in certain time period also provided in the law, while the defendant should be required to prove there is no causal relationship between damage and vaccination. By contract, in voluntary vaccination damage cases, the plaintiff need to prove there is causal relationship between damage and vaccination, just like in normal medical damage cases. Only when it appeals the imbalance of the ability to present evidence can the judge decide whether to shift the burden of proof to the defendant.

关 键 词：强制接种疫苗 自愿接种疫苗 因果关系 举证责任 举证能力 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]