趋近和回避动机情绪对不确定性决策的影响  

Effects of approach and withdrawal motivation on risk decision making

作　　者：徐四华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学应用心理学系,广州510320

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2015年第9期830-834,共5页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部重点项目（DBA130220）

摘　　要：目的 探讨趋近和回避动机情绪对不确定性决策的影响.方法 采用随机数表法将300名大学生被试分配到控制组和四种情绪组（高兴、宁静、愤怒、厌恶）,每组60名,各情绪组被试分别观看100～ 140 s视频诱发相应的情绪后,评估情绪强度和主观情绪体验,并完成爱荷华赌博任务（Iowa gamblingtask,IGT）.结果 与回避动机情绪（宁静/厌恶）组相比,趋近动机情绪（高兴/愤怒）组被试在决策失败后会更频繁的转换选牌方向（转换率：0.67±0.01 vs 0.75±0.01）,随着决策次数的增加,趋近动机情绪组被试的选牌净分数[组块1～5：（-6.28±0.66）分vs（-1.67±0.63）分vs （7.63±0.57）分vs（6.43±0.52）分vs（8.03±0.61）分]显著高于回避动机情绪组[组块1～5：（-5.85±0.66）分vs（-1.36±0.62）分vs（2.78±0.57）分vs（1.93±0.52）分vs（2.90±0.61）分],且该趋势会随着情绪强度的增强而日趋明显.结论 情绪对不确定性决策的影响主要体现在情绪的动机维度而非效价维度,同时,情绪对决策的影响还受到情绪强度的调节.结果提示情绪的动机模型能更有效预测情绪对IGT决策的影响.Objective To explore the role of emotional valence and motivational direction avoidance on risk taking behavior.Methods In the experiment,300 healthy young adults were randomly assigned to a control and four emotion condition groups（60 per group）,which induced by four short movie clips of 100～140 seconds＇ duration.To keep participants from suspecting a link between the emotional induction and the Iowa gambling task （IGT）,participants were told that they would complete two experiments.The first experiment was to evaluate whether the movie clips were suitable for materials of the memory test,and the second was to complete a poke gambling task,and then they were required to read the instructions about the IGT.Immediately after reading the instructions and watching one of four movie clips and completing the scales of emotional appraisals,participants were asked to perform the IGT.At the end of the procedure,the experimenter asked the participants for their opinion about the experiments.They all answered that the two experiments were independent of each other.Results With approach-based emotion （amusement and anger） prompting more advantageous card selection along with the time course of the decision making relative to withdrawal-based emotion （serenity and disgust） （0.75±0.01 vs 0.67±0.01）.Furthermore,compared with the latter（block 1-5：-5.85±0.66 vs-1.36±0.62 vs 2.78±0.57 vs 1.93±0.52 vs 2.90±0.61）,the participants with approach-based emotion（block1-5：-6.28±0.66 vs-1.67±0.63 vs 7.63±0.57 vs 6.43±0.52 vs 8.03±0.61） preferred to transform the direction of card selection after getting negative feedback to avoid potentially high risks.Additionally,the main effect of the motivation direction mentioned above was more and more significant along with the increase of the intensity of the emotion.Conclusion A main effect of motivational direction,but not valence is observed in the present study,the results suggest that motivation dimension,relative to emotional valence,may be a m

关 键 词：爱荷华赌博任务 风险决策 动机 情绪 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]