应用逻辑的制度化:国家工业化与高等教育结构调整  

Institutionalization of Applied Logic: National Industrialization and Structural Adjustment of Higher Education

作　　者：姚荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2015年第5期47-52,82,共7页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"面向创新驱动发展战略的高校人才培养模式改革研究"(71373274);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"美国高校学科结构与产业结构相关性的实证研究"(11YJC880061)

摘　　要：中国作为后发外生型发展中国家,国家工业化与高等教育结构调整之间存在阶段性关联。中国高等教育结构也先后经历了1952年院系调整、20世纪90年代高等教育大众化以及21世纪现代大学体系建设三次重大历史性变革。影响我国高等教育结构调整政策变迁的深层结构包括计划经济体制、集权管理模式与社会本位的文化模式。国家工业化驱动下的高等教育结构调整呈现出较强的路径依赖特征,表现出强劲的"政经关联逻辑"。"国家的视角"促使我国高等教育结构调整往往在短期内适应经济社会发展的需求,却也不可避免地产生了一系列"意外后果",甚至滋生了高等教育的系统性风险。亟待通过高等教育管理体制改革、教育领域综合改革以及公立高校法人治理结构完善等举措,重构中国高等教育结构调整政策变迁的制度逻辑。建构学科逻辑与应用逻辑相对平衡与包容发展的高等教育系统,促进国家工业化与高等教育结构的松散耦合。As a late, extrinsic developing country, China is characterized by an interim connection between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education. Structural adjustment of higher education in China has experienced three major historie changes, college and department ad- justment in 1952, popularization of higher education in the 1990s, and construction of modern universi- ty education in the 21st century. These changes have been influenced by the planned economic system, centralized governance mode, and social standard. The structural adjustment of higher education driven by national industrialization exhibits an obvious pattern of path dependence： a strong correlation be- tween politics and economy. A national perspective enables structural adjustment of higher education to meet the demands of economic and social development in the short term, but also creates a series of un- intended consequences in the long term and increases the systematic risk of higher education. A reform of the educational management system is in great need. We can rebuild the institution logic of structural adjustment of higher education and its policy changes through comprehensive reforms and improvement of the corporate governance structure in education. We should construct a higher education system that balances discipline logic and applied logic and promotes a loosely coupled relationship between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education.

关 键 词：国家工业化 高等教育结构调整 学科逻辑 应用逻辑 制度逻辑 网络治理 

分 类 号：G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]