突发地质灾害应急技术:过程模式  

Geological Disaster Emergency Technology: Process Model

作　　者：张小趁[1] 陈红旗[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院,北京101601 [2]国土资源部地质灾害应急技术指导中心,北京100081

出　　处：《灾害学》2015年第4期149-155,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目(201211055)

摘　　要：时间是影响突发地质灾害应急防治成效的关键因素。面向应急情景、任务和能力,以时间为主线的应急技术设计是应急预案的主要内容。由于我国应急体系建设起步较晚,应急防治理论基础薄弱,缺乏系统案例,导致应急响应与防治过程尚不清晰,存在"求快忽准"、混淆管理程序和技术流程等现象。采用情景分析方法,基于协调集成设计的思想,首次提出"三阶段三层次五步骤九环节"的应急过程模式,具体如下:分为监测、响应和恢复等三个应急管理阶段;分就近响应、先期处置和应急救援等三个递进响应层次;通用程序有预期启动、工况分析、处置实施、会商检验和响应结束等五个步骤;分预警响应、情景分析、应急调查、应急监测、灾情评估、风险防控、应急治理、成因判定和总结恢复等九个应急防治环节。该模式尚属粗浅,有待过程模型库的建设支撑。仅供地质灾害应急防治的科技工作者参考。Time is the key factor affecting the effectiveness of emergency management. For emergency response division and allocation of resources,along the main line of time,the emergency plan process design is the main content of geological disaster emergency plans. Construction of the emergency response system is relatively late in china. Because of the lack of emergency theory and practice,resulting in emergency management position is not uniform; the emergency process is not perfect. It may lead to ＂seek quickly ignore accuracy＂,confused management procedures and technical processes,confused management plan and disposal programs. These reduce the effect of the emergency prevention and control. In order to improve the effectiveness of the emergency prevention,follow dynamic-coordination-integrated ideas,the paper detailed and optimized emergency procedures plans. Proposed emergency process model that ＂Three-phase,Three-level,Five steps,and Nine sectors＂. The emergency procedures including： monitoring,response and recovery. Emergency plan levels including： nearby response,early disposal,rescue response; Emergency response experience including： starting,planning,doing,consultation test and end; Emergency control includes： emergency warning,scenario analysis,investigations,monitoring,disaster assessment,risk aversion,emergency prevention,cause determination,summary and rehabilitate. This mode is still superficial,yet construction process model library support. Only for geological disaster emergency workers to reference.

关 键 词：地质灾害 应急管理 应急预案 情景 过程模式 应急响应 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]