建立系统干预模式对降低血站护士职业危害的效果观察  

Effects observation of systematic intervention mode to reduce the occupational hazard of blood station nurses

作　　者：方春梅 张丽娜 曾姣 陈玉溪 张红云 邓曦 

机构地区：[1]湖北孝感市中心血站,432000

出　　处：《国际输血及血液学杂志》2015年第5期373-376,共4页International Journal of Blood Transfusion and Hematology

基　　金：湖北省卫计委年度采供血专项基金项目（WJ2015CB019）

摘　　要：目的探讨中心血站建立针对血源性职业暴露危害的系统干预模式，降低血站护士职业危害的效果。方法选择湖北省孝感市中心血站血源性职业暴露危害系统干预模式建立初期、建立2年后的本血站所有在职护士共计17名为研究对象。对本血站建立的具体针对血站护士的血源性职业暴露危害系统的干预措施（11项），于干预模式建立初期和建立2年后对干预措施执行情况进行不定期调查，并对抽查结果进行统计学分析。结果针对血站护士的血源性职业暴露危害系统干预模式，于干预模式建立初期和建立2年后对干预措施执行情况进行不定期调查结果显示，11项措施中，血液制备或使用化学溶剂时戴手套、处理血制品时戴手套、为献血者更换止血贴时戴手套、可能出现血液飞溅时戴防护镜、进出血液检验室时更换衣服及鞋、采血前常规洗手的平均得分，显著高于干预模式建立初期，并且均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；然而，工作中出现皮肤破损时采取常规防护措施、为献血者采血时常规戴手套、不小心接触到化学溶液时及时洗手、血液成分制备及贴标签时戴手套、被采血针刺伤时严格填写《职业暴露个案登记表》，与干预模式建立初期比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论中心血站建立针对血源性职业暴露危害的系统干预模式是行之有效，可加强对血站护士职业危害的管理，是有效降低血站护士职业危害的重要保障性措施。Objective To explore the effects of using the blood-borne occupational exposure hazards system mode in reducing the occupational hazards of blood stations nurses in center blood stations. Methods A total of 17 nurses in Xiaogan Center Blood Station were chosen as research objects. All sample nurses work in the blood station pre- and two years post- the system establishment. Irregular surveys which containing 11 items about blood-borne occupational exposure hazards system mode in reducing the occupational hazards of blood stations nurses were conducted on the 17 nurses at pre- and two years post- the system establishment. And the survey results were statistically analyzed. Results In general, the scores of wearing gloves when preparing blood or using chemical solvents, wearing gloves when handling blood products, wearing gloves when replacing the bleeding stick for blood donors, wearing protective goggles when may occur blood splatter, changing clothes and shoes when passing in and out of the blood laboratory, and washing hands routinely before collecting blood were significantly imProved two years after the intervention implement, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. While the scores of taking routine protective measures when having skin damage, wearing gloves routinely when collecting blood, washing hands timely when contacting with chemical solution, wearing gloves when preparing and labeling blood component, and filling in Occupational Exposure Case Registration Form strictly when occurring blood needle stick injury compared between pre- and two years post- the system establishment, there were no significant differences （P〉0. 05）. Conclusions Adoption of the effective systematic intervention mode to strengthen the blood station nurse occupation hazard management, is important in reducing nurse occupation hazard in blood stations.

关 键 词：控制生物危害物扩散 危害减少 职业暴露 职业卫生 干预性研究 手套 防护 护士 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]