药用亲缘学论纲——知识谱系,认识论和范式转换  

Essentials of pharmacophylogeny: knowledge pedigree,epistemology and paradigm shift

作　　者：郝大程[1] 肖培根[2] 刘立伟[3] 彭勇[2] 何春年[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学生物技术研究所环境化工学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [3]大连交通大学理学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2015年第17期3335-3342,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

摘　　要：中药资源是我国中医药事业发展的基础,采用创新的理论和方法寻找和发现中药新资源是中药资源可持续利用研究的热点和重点。药用亲缘学研究药用生物(特别是药用植物)的生物亲缘关系,化学成分和疗效(传统疗效和药理活性)间的相关性,该学科的建立对于开发中药植物资源具有重要指导意义;系统发育基因组学方法可用于药物发现和开发的相关问题研究,在组学水平拓展了药用亲缘学的领域,由此衍生出药用基因组亲缘学的新概念。该文简述药用亲缘学的知识谱系,研究方法和范式转换,凸显药用基因组亲缘学的理论和实践价值,建议选择《中国药典》2010年版收录最多的毛茛科为例,对药用基因组亲缘学进行深入的实证研究。在基因组,转录组和代谢组水平探讨毛茛科及其重要族属系统发育和进化关系,揭示药用植物基因型和代谢表型,以及近缘种遗传多样性和化学多样性的内在关联。通过毛茛科示范研究,丰富药用亲缘学研究的内涵,扩展其外延,将药用基因组亲缘学视为药用亲缘学的升级版,开放地吸收有关领域的新知识和新技术,促进中药资源学科的成长,推动中药植物资源的开发和可持续利用。Chinese materia medica resource（ CMM resource） is the foundation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine.In the study of sustainable utilization of CMM resource,adopting innovative theory and method to find new CMM resource is one of hotspots and always highlighted. Pharmacophylogeny interrogates the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal organisms（ especially medicinal plants）,as well as the intrinsic correlation of morphological taxonomy,molecular phylogeny,chemical constituents,and therapeutic efficacy（ ethnopharmacology and pharmacological activity）. This new discipline may have the power to change the way we utilize medicinal plant resources and develop plant-based drugs. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics,in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development,and extends the field of pharmacophylogeny at the omic level,thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined in the context of plant pharmaceutical resources. This contribution gives a brief discourse of knowledge pedigree of pharmacophylogeny,epistemology and paradigm shift,highlighting the theoretical and practical values ofpharmacophylogenomics. Many medicinally important tribes and genera,such as Clematis,Pulsatilla,Anemone,Cimicifugeae,Nigella,Delphinieae,Adonideae,Aquilegia,Thalictrum,and Coptis,belong to Ranunculaceae family. Compared to other plant families,Ranunculaceae has the most species that are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia（ CP） 2010. However,many Ranunculaceae species,e. g.,those that are closely related to CP species,as well as those endemic to China,have not been investigated in depth,and their phylogenetic relationship and potential in medicinal use remain elusive. As such,it is proposed to select Ranunculaceae to exemplify the utility of pharmacophylogenomics and to elaborate the new concept empirically. It is argued that phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship

关 键 词：药用亲缘学 药用基因组亲缘学 研究范式和方法 进化 药物发现与开发 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培] R282[农业科学—作物学]