1987与2006年我国沙眼致视力残疾的对比分析  

Comparison of visual impairment caused by trachoma in China between 1978 and 2006

作　　者：胡爱莲[1] 蔡啸谷[1] 乔利亚[1] 张烨[1] 张旭[1] 孙葆忱[1] 王宁利[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心北京市眼科研究所眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室,100730

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2015年第10期768-772,共5页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：目的 了解1987与2006年我国沙眼致视力残疾分布状态,为我国评估实现“视觉2020”消灭致盲性沙眼的目标提供佐证及决策依据.方法 抽样研究.分别于1987和2006年进行两次全国残疾人抽样调查,应用SAS 9.30统计软件对不同组别的沙眼致视力残疾患病率进行卡方检验,不同年度沙眼致视力残疾情况与性别、年龄等危险因素的相关性进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 1987年和2006年两次调查的沙眼致视力残疾患病率分别为102.01人/10万和17.62人/10万,占各种视力残疾的14.25％和1.87％,差异有统计学意义（F=1 382.6,P＜0.01）.沙眼致视力残疾具有空间聚集性,＂高-高＂聚集地区为湖北省、四川省、安徽省、陕西省、贵州省、湖南省和重庆市.1987和2006年沙眼致视力残疾生存时间的差异有统计学意义（F=2745.9,P＜0.01）.沙眼致视力残疾患病率和致视力残疾风险均随年龄增加而不断增加,除85岁以上年龄组外,1987年各年龄组沙眼致视力残疾率均明显高于2006年.1987年沙眼致视力残疾的风险为2006年度的5.8倍,在扣除其他影响因素后,数值增加到8.75倍;女性风险为男性的2倍.结论 2006年我国沙眼致视力残疾和沙眼致视力残疾风险度较1987年显著下降,沙眼防治工作取得重大进展.Objective To understand the distribution of visual impairment caused by trachoma in China and provide evidences for evaluation of eliminating blinding trachoma in China in the mission of Vision 2020.Methods Sampling study.The results from the first year 1987 and second （year 2006） national sampling surveys of disabled persons were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed using SAS 9.30 to analyze the rates of visual impairment caused by trachoma in different groups.Unifactor and multifactor analyses were applied to analyze the relevance between visual impairment caused by trachoma and risk factors, including gender and age.Results The rate of visual impairment caused by trachoma was 102.01 persons/100 000 in 1987 and 17.62 persons/100 000 in 2006.The percentage of trachoma in all kinds of visual impairment was 14.25% in 1987 and 1.87% in 2006, and the difference was significant （F=1 382.6, P〈0.01）.Spatial aggregation was obvious in visual impairment caused by trachoma.H-aggregation areas included Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, Shannxi, Guizhou, Hunan provinces and Chongqing Municipality.Survival time without trachoma between 1987 and 2006 was significantly different （F=2 745.9, P〈0.01）.The rate and risk of visual impairment caused by trachoma increased with age.Except the group of 〉 85 years, the rate of visual impairment caused by trachoma in all age groups in 1987 was significantly higher than that in 2006.The risk of visual impairment caused by trachoma in 1987 was 5.8 times that in 2006.If the other risk factors were not involved, the risk in 1987 was 8.75 times that in 2006.The risk in females was twice that in males.Conclusion Both, the rate and risk of visual impairment caused by trachoma were significantly reduced in China.Impressive progresses were achieved in trachoma prevention and control.

关 键 词：沙眼 盲 视力 低 患病率 卡方分布 抽样研究 

分 类 号：R777.32[医药卫生—眼科]