基于气候特征的中国松口蘑分布规律分析及适生性评估  

Climate Niche Characteristics and Potential Distribution of Tricholoma matsutake in China

作　　者：陈旭[1] 刘晓飞[2] 吕德平[1] 桂明英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所,云南昆明650221 [2]云南大学农学院,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2015年第3期48-54,共7页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD16B01)资助

摘　　要：分别采用生态位因子分析(ecological niche factor analysis,ENFA)和最大熵模型(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)对松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)在中国的分布规律及适生区范围进行研究。结果表明,松口蘑的气候生态位非常狭窄,其分布极易受到气候条件的制约。夏季降雨丰沛,环境昼夜温差较大,年温差相对较小是我国松口蘑分布区的基本气候特征。中国的松口蘑适生区主要可划分为西南和东北两大区域:西南区以横断山区和滇中高原区为核心,川西高原和西藏东南部也存在较大面积的松口蘑最适分布区;东北地区,松口蘑的高度适生区主要分布在辽宁、吉林两省东北部以及黑龙江东南部与朝鲜半岛毗邻区域(即长白山山区)。此外,陕西南部的秦岭山区,山西东南部、河南北部、山东北部以及内蒙古自治区境内大兴安岭地区也存在一定范围的松口蘑适生区。总体而言,松口蘑在中国的适生区沿滇中高原—横断山区—秦岭—长白山一线分布。Climate niche characteristics and potential distribution of Tricholoma matsutake have been studied using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis （ENFA） and ecological niche modeling. Our data revealed that T. matsutake was highly vulnerable to climatic conditions and that distribution of this valuable mushroom was confined to a very narrow climatic niche defined by abundant rainfall in summer, relatively large daily temperature fluctuations and a narrow annual temperature range. Ecological niche modeling showed that two major areas of China were suitable for T. matsutake： in Southwest China, the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan Plateau were core areas together with the Sichuan Plateau and Southeastern Tibet, while in Northeast China, compatible areas were mainly distributed in the Changbai Mountains. In addition, the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province, southeastern Shanxi, northern Henan, northern Shandong and the Daxinganling area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were also well-suited.

关 键 词：松口蘑 分布规律 气候生态位 适生区 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]