相貌负面身体自我女性对相貌词的注意偏向:眼动的证据  

Attentional Bias Toward Face-related Words Among Females with Facial Negative Physical Self: Evidence from An Eye-movement Study

作　　者：寇慧[1] 苏艳华[1] 罗小春[1] 陈红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部 [2]西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第10期1213-1222,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(31170981);国家社会科学基金西部项目资助(12XSH018);研究生创新基金优博项目资助(kb201101)

摘　　要：采用改进的点探测范式并结合眼动技术,以相貌词(积极和消极)为刺激材料,实验中积极相貌词-中性词、消极相貌词-中性词、积极相貌词-消极相貌词以及中性词-中性词配对呈现,考察了相貌负面身体自我女性对相貌词的注意偏向及其时间进程。眼动数据的结果发现,在积极相貌词-中性词和消极相貌词-中性词条件下,与控制组相比,相貌负面身体自我女性的首视点更频繁地指向消极相貌词,对消极相貌词探测速度更快,并且首视点维持在此类词语上的时间更长,但未发现总体的注视时间偏向;与积极相貌相比较时,相貌负面身体自我女性呈现与上述相同的结果,此时的注意模式为警觉-脱离困难。此外,相貌负面身体自我的女性还表现出对积极相貌词的减速探测偏向。行为证据进一步显示,相貌负面身体自我女性对消极相貌词存在注意脱离困难。在积极相貌词-消极相貌词配对条件下,相貌负面身体自我女性对消极相貌词也表现出注意脱离困难。以上结果表明,相貌负面身体自我女性对消极相貌词表现出警觉-脱离困难的注意偏向。Previous studies found cognitive bias toward body-related information among individuals with fat negative physical self. However, little is known about the cognitive bias toward face-related information among individuals with facial negative physical self（FNPS）.The current study aimed to investigate the attentional bias towards face-related words among females with FNPS. A modified dot probe paradigm was adopted. In the experiment, we used positive and negative face-related words as stimuli. A pair of words was presented in each trial. There were totally four types of word pairing conditions： positive face-related word-neutral word condition（Pos Neu）, negative face-related word-neutral word condition（Neg Neu）, positive face-related word-negative face-related word condition（Pos Neg）, and neutral word-neutral word condition（Neu Neu）. We recorded the eye-movement while subjects were viewing the words. In Neg Neu condition, we found that, compared to controls, females with FNPS were more frequently and faster to direct their initial gazes to negative face-related words. Furthermore, they also showed a longer fixation on the negative word. However, the total gaze durations on both types of words were not significantly different. These results implied an attention vigilance-maintenance pattern for negative face-related words. In contrary, females with FNPS showed a slower rate to direct their gazes to positive words in Pos Neu condition. Consistently, in Pos Neg condition, females with FNPS showed the same attentional bias toward negative face-related words compared to positive face-related words. Furthermore, behavioral results showed that females with FNPS had difficulty in attention disengagement from negative face-related words, which were evident in both Neg Neu and Pos Neg condition. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that females with FNPS had an attention vigilance-maintenance pattern toward negative face-related words.

关 键 词：相貌负面身体自我女性 注意偏向 相貌词 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B848[哲学宗教—心理学]