权利本位论的哲学奠基  

The Philosophical Foundation of Right-based Theory

作　　者：凌斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《现代法学》2015年第5期3-11,共9页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：霍布斯是权利本位论的哲学奠基人。自然权利是其权利本位论的逻辑起点,是一种绝对的自由平等关系。从自然权利的自然平等和自然自由出发,霍布斯论述了权利本位论的三个基本主张:权利先于义务,权利先于权力,权利先于欲望(以及意志和功利)。首先,自然的和社会的义务(法律)都是有条件的,最初都源自于自然权利;自然权利是无条件的,是一切法律和义务的基础。其次,权利始终是目的,是第一位的,权力则是手段,是第二位的。国家主权和公民权利都起源于并服务于自然权利。最后,自然权利是人的本质属性,是欲望、意志、功利的前提,是一切政治性、道德性和社会性问题的开端。霍布斯的权利学说是彻底的权利本位主义,并因此为现代社会、政治和法律提供了的法理基础。Thomas Hobbes is the philosophical founder of the right-based Theory.The natural right is an absolute relationship of equality and liberty as the logical departure of his right-based Theory.Based on the natural equality and natural liberty of the natural rights,Hobbes argued three basic claims of the right-based theory：the priority of the right to the duty,the priority of the right to the power,the priority of the right to the desire（ the will and the utility）.Firstly,all natural and civil duties（ laws） are conditional and derived from natural rights.Natural rights are unconditional and the roots of all laws and duties.Secondly,the right is the end and the primary,and the power is the mean and secondary.Sovereign powers and civil rights stem from and serve for natural rights.Finally,natural right is the first human nature,the premise of the desire,will and utility,and the beginning of all political,moral and civil issues.Hobbesian philosophy of right is thoroughly rightbased.It is the jurisprudential foundation of the modern society,politics and law.

关 键 词：权利本位 自然权利 权利与义务 权利与权力 权利与欲望 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]