不同钾氮配比对荔枝果实矿质元素含量及其耐贮性的影响  

Effect of application ratio of potassium and nitrogen on litchi fruit mineral element contents and their storage property

作　　者：杨苞梅[1] 李国良[1] 杨少海[1] 何兆桓[1] 周昌敏[1] 姚丽贤[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室,广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东省养分循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第5期1294-1303,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-33);农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室和广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室开放基金(TFS2011-03);广东省科技计划项目(2013B020310002)资助

摘　　要：【目的】在广东省惠州市荔枝主产区,于2009 2012年连续3年研究不同钾氮养分比例对荔枝果实矿质元素含量的影响及其与耐贮性的关系,以期为荔枝高产优质高效栽培与耐贮增值的科学施肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】在大田栽培条件下,以1995年嫁接苗种植的国内主栽品种妃子笑为试材,设钾氮不同施用比例(K2O/N分别为0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2和1.4)5个处理,分别用K0.6N、K0.8N、K1.0N、K1.2N、K1.4N表示。在荔枝收获期测定果实矿质元素含量,并进行室温(25±1°C)自然贮藏试验,每2d采样测定相关贮藏指标。【结果】1)随着K2O/N比的提高,荔枝外果皮钾(K)、硼(B)含量呈下降趋势,内果皮K含量呈先下降后增加,果肉K、内外果皮和果肉钙(Ca)、内果皮B含量均呈现先增加后下降,果核Ca含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势。2)随着K2O/N比的提高,内外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca、K/B比均呈先下降后增加,外果皮Ca/B比呈增加的趋势。3)内果皮K含量与果实好果率呈极显著负相关,外果皮Ca、内果皮B含量与果实好果率呈显著或极显著正相关。内、外果皮K含量与果皮细胞膜透性呈显著正相关,外果皮Ca含量与果皮细胞膜透性呈显著负相关。内、外果皮K含量与多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈显著正相关,而内、外果皮Ca含量则与两种酶活性呈显著负相关。4)内、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca和K/B比与果实好果率呈显著或极显著负相关,与果皮细胞膜透性、PPO和POD活性均呈显著或极显著正相关,而Ca/B比则完全相反。【结论】荔枝生产中合理调控钾、氮养分施用比例(K2O/N),不仅可以提高内、外果皮的Ca/B比值,还有利于降低内、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca和K/B的比值,对提高果实耐贮性具有重要作用。本试验条件和施肥方法下,K2O/N的施用比例以1.2∶1时能最大限度地满足优良耐贮性能适宜的养分含量及比例。[Objectives]Three years field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of application ratios of K2 O and N on mineral element contents in fruits of litchi, and their correlation to the storage.[Method]Under field cultivation conditions, seedlings of litchi cultivar “Feizixiao”, the main domestic grafted seedlings in 1995, were selected as the testing material, field experiments with different ratios of potassium and nitrogen （ K2 O/N：0. 6 , 0. 8 , 1. 0 , 1. 2 and 1. 4 ） were conducted in the main litchi plant region of Guangdong from 2009 to 2012 ,＆amp;nbsp;with random numbering of districts. The litchi fruit samples were collected to measure contents of mineral elements and used for a natural storage experiment was carried out at room temperature （ 25 ± 1 ° C ） , samples were taken every 2 days to determine related indexes.[Results]1）With the increase of K2O/N ratio,the K and B contents in the epicarp of litchi are decreased;the K content in theendocarp is decreased firstly then increased; the K content in the pulp, the Ca contents in the epicarp, endocarp and pulp, the B content in the endocarp are all increased firstly and then decreased;and the Ca content in the core is gradually increased. 2）With the increase of K2O/N ratio, the K/Ca, Mg/Ca,（ Mg＋K）/Ca and K/B ratios in the epicarp and endocarp are all decreased firstly and then increased,and the Ca/B ratio in the epicarp is increased. 3 ） The K content in the endocarp is significantly negatively correlated with the healthy fruit rate, and the Ca content in the epicarp and B content in the endocarp have positive correlation or significant positive correlation with the healthy fruit rate. The K contents in the epicarp and endocarp are significantly and positively correlated with the relative leakage rate of the peel, whilethe Ca content in the epicarp is significantly and negatively correlated with the relative leakage rate of peel. The K contents in the epicarp and endocarp have significant positive correlations with t

关 键 词：荔枝 钾氮养分含量比例 耐贮性 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]