锂离子电池过充爆炸强度试验研究  

Study on the burst intensity of lithium-ion batteries due to overcharge

作　　者：单明新 王松岑[2] 朱艳丽[1] 高飞[2] 杨凯[2] 李大贺[2] 赵勇[1] 焦清介[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国电力科学研究院,北京100192

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第5期116-118,共3页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：过充是导致电池爆炸的一种常见原因,分析过充与电池爆炸的关系及过充所导致的电池爆炸对周围环境的破坏程度极其重要。以10 Ah三元材料锂离子电池为研究对象,采用不同倍率过充方式刺激锂离子电池,利用高速摄影仪、红外热像仪和压力传感器来记录该锂离子电池爆炸、燃烧的图像、温度和压力。结果表明:电池在过充的过程中,其温度变化分为3个阶段;发生爆炸后,电池的能量主要以燃烧的形式释放,燃烧的火球面积高达770.64 cm2;距电池爆炸15 cm处,最大压强为0.03 MPa,可见电池爆炸会对周围环境造成一定破坏。This paper intends to present the results of its simulated study on the battery explosion caused by overcharge in hoping to uncover the relationship between the charging rate and the battery explosion,in addition to the effect of the surrounding environment on the likeliness to cause the explosion. It is just for this reason that we have stimulated the lithium-ion batteries by taking Li Co1 /3Ni1 /3Mn1 /3O2 as cathode material and by 2C,3C and 5C as the symbol for the overcharge. In the paper we have also adopted the testing system consisting of the high-speed camera,the thermal infrared image and the pressure sensor,with the temperature variation of the battery measured and recorded through the thermal infrared image. At the same time,we have managed to make the recordings of the explosion process with a high-speed camera whereas the pressure sensors can also make the recordings of the pressure change of the battery explosion. The results of our simulated study indicate that there exist three temperature stages in the process of overcharge. For example,whereas the temperature remains unchanged in the first stage,a slow rise of the temperature may come about in the second one and the sharp or abrupt rise in temperature may result in the third one. The burning time can last about 13. 7 min,whereas the maximal cross-sectional burning fireball can be so big as about 770. 64 cm2,with the corresponding maximum fireball diameter being about 31 cm. The explosive pressure can change in the rupture direction of the measured battery charge. The maximum pressure that can be captured at a position of 15 cm has been proved at the 0. 03 MPa as a result of numerous tests,which indicates that such kind of explosion can even cause damage to its surroundings,whereas the overcharge process can be much shorter due to the ascending of the SOC. The results of our simulated study tend to show that the battery explosion can become more intensive as the result of the SOC increase,and the heat generated by the exothermic chemical reaction

关 键 词：安全工程 锂离子电池 爆炸 过充 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]