隧道路段逆反射轮廓标设置技术研究  

On the setting of retro-reflective delineators in the freeway tunnel

作　　者：信志刚[1] 王春雨[2,3] 张续光[2] 高建平[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学交通学院,呼和浩特010070 [2]重庆交通大学交通土建工程材料国家地方联合工程实验室,重庆400074 [3]中铁上海设计院集团有限公司,上海200070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第5期156-161,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51378520);广西壮族自治区交通厅科技项目(桂交科教发[2012]26号)

摘　　要：隧道是高速公路事故多发路段,为了提高隧道路段行车安全性,需为驾驶员提供与一般路段相近的视觉环境,以有效减少由隧道行车环境变化引起的驾驶员判断和操作失误,逆反射技术在提高隧道路段驾驶员视觉舒适性方面具有潜力。为了确定隧道路段轮廓标设计方案,利用Smart-Eye Pro 5.7型眼动仪,对隧道路段逆反射轮廓标设置技术进行试验,获得了不同逆反射轮廓标组合方案的驾驶员视觉数据。结果表明,小型车和大型车驾驶员对逆反射轮廓标设置高度的视觉差异性明显,设置高度约为0.4 m的逆反射轮廓标对小型车驾驶员的视觉环境改善效果最佳,相应地,大型车约为1.0 m。从控制隧道内明暗变化的闪频出发,轮廓标间距以15 m左右为宜。为满足驾驶员视觉舒适性要求,应将驾驶员瞳孔直径变化率控制在0.396~1.302 mm/s,据此确定小型车适用的轮廓标反光膜为超强级,大型车为工程级。研究成果在G65高速公路木冲隧道的应用使驾驶员瞳孔直径变化率控制在1.302 mm/s以内,并使同期事故减少了51.8%。The paper is to introduce its study results on the approach to the rational setting problem of the retro-reflective delineators in the Freeway Tunnels. As is known,tunnels,especially,the long ones,are accident-prone places along the freeways. In order to improve the tunnel traffic safety,it is of primary necessity to provide drivers with a consist visual environment as much as close to the regular road conditions. To satisfy the demand of the alternative conditions in the tunnel,we have done an experiment by using a software name the Smart-Eye Pro 5. 7 eye tracker,we have chosen the drivers ＇ visual data of different combination schemes in height and diameter of the retro-reflective delineator.The experiment results indicate that,there exists a significant visual demand difference between the passenger car drivers and the large freight truck drivers towards the retro-reflective delineator setting height. For example,it would be optimistic to set the retro-reflective delineator setting height about 0. 4 m for the small car drivers; and accordingly,the best setting height for the drivers of large or heavier trucks has been proved about 1. 0 m. In order to control the flash frequency intensity which influences the drivers＇ visual perception,we have discovered that 15 m should be taken as the proper spacing between the delineators. Or more practically speaking,to meet the drivers＇ visual demand,the rate of drivers＇ pupil diameter change should be controlled within the range of 0. 396-1. 302 mm / s. In accordance with the said demand,the best suitable delineator materials for the reflective grade for small cars should be of ultrastrong grade,whereas it belongs to the general engineering-level for the huge trucks. One more point to be added is that the research results of this paper have already been adopted to Muchong Tunnel of G65 freeway in Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region with a result being that the rate of the drivers＇ pupil diameter change has been controlled inside 1. 302 mm / s,and,in turn,the acci

关 键 词：安全工程 隧道 逆反射轮廓标 视觉 舒适性 行车安全 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U458.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]