公交车火灾安全及人员疏散分析  

Analysis of the fire safety of the communing bus and the passengers' evacuation

作　　者：代君雨[1] 朱杰[1] 宋云龙[1] 李小菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学工学院,成都610101

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第5期184-188,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：公交车作为最常用的交通工具之一,其空间密闭、人员密度大,一旦发生火灾,极易造成群死群伤事故,社会影响恶劣。首先采用鱼刺图分析法(FBF)分析公交车火灾事故发生的原因;再采用事故树分析法(FTA),得出公交车安全门对公交车内人员安全疏散的重要性;在此基础上,以大容量公交车为研究对象,针对不同开门情况设置4个疏散场景,并运用Building Exodus对车内人员疏散情况进行模拟,提出相应建议。结果表明,公交车右侧前门为1.1 m、后门为1.5m,右侧前、后门均为1.5 m,前门、左右两侧后门均为1.5 m 3种情况下均较原始设计(右侧前、后门均为1.1 m)不同程度缩短了人员疏散时间。This article attempts to make an analysis of the fire safety of the public buses and the passengers＇ evacuation by using a Fishbone Fig（ FBF） method. As a matter of fact,a highly developed public transportation and traffic system has been built up in almost every city in China,yet fire accidents have been appearing almost every day,every month and every year with serious human casualty and huge material loss. This article begins with an analysis of the causes of the fire disasters by using a method known as Fishbone Fig（ FBF） and a Fault Tree Analysis（ FTA）. In it,we have simulated four evacuation scenarios on a usual high-passenger loading capacity based on the different dooropening and closing manners. What is more,a simulated study has been made over the actual evacuation of the bus passengers with a software of Building Exodus. It is concluded that three configurations,that is,the front door on the right side with a width of 1. 1 m,the back door with a width of 1. 5 m whereas the front and back doors open on the right side both with a width of1. 5 m. At the same time,the front door and the back door are supposed to open on both sides each with a width of 1. 5 m. The testing results show that the improved manners of door-opening can surely be helpful for reducing the evacuation time to some extent as compared with the original configuration（ front and back doors on the right side are 1. 1 m in width）. Thus the experience proves to be more useful for reducing the bus-fire accident rate on the bus traffic.

关 键 词：安全工程 公交车 事故树分析法 BUILDING Exodus模拟 

分 类 号：X9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]