神明之下的结合:论清代民间的神会——以徽州“神会”文书为线索  

A Study on the Association for Deity Worship as a Non-governmental Organization in the Qing Dynasty—Based on Documents of the Association for Deity Worship in Huizhou Area

作　　者：童旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院

出　　处：《安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第5期116-124,共9页Journal of Anhui University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(12AFX004)

摘　　要：神会是人们以祭祀公共神祇为主要目的组成的一种组织共同体,通过神会的运行,来完成对于神明的共同祭祀。神会有经营会产与日常管理两个主要职能。在经营会产方面,有买卖、租佃、典、出借会资等交易方式;在日常管理方面,有处罚违规、调整经营规范、神庙维护、杂务处理、举办迎神赛会、接受捐献等职能。内部关系上,会户是按股出资,按股获得收益,会股可单独交易;外部关系上,相对方视神会为人的组合整体。若神会向大型组织发展,它的财产聚合性显现,独立性增强。Association for deity worship, an organization for common folks, has two main responsi- bilities ：fund management and routine operation. Fund management includes sale, purchase, tenancy, pawn, loan of association funds, etc. Routine operation includes penalization of violation, adjustment of operating codes, shrine maintenance, daily chores, sacrifice ceremony, donation acceptance, etc. For internal relations, members of the hssociation contribute in shares, receive earnings by shares and may transact shares separately. For external relations, individual members are integral part of the organiza- tion. If the organization expands in scale, the holistic nature of its property will be evident and its inde- pendence will be enhanced.

关 键 词：神会 会股 合伙 民间信仰 迎神赛会 徽州 徽学 

分 类 号：K295.4[历史地理—历史学]