不同放养密度和水草覆盖率下克氏原螯虾池塘底泥中微生物群落特征  

Characteristics of Flora Community in Sediment in Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Ponds with Different Stocking Density and Aquatic Vegetation

作　　者：秦伟[1,2] 周鑫[1,2] 徐增洪[2] 刘国锋[2] 张萍[1] 柏爱旭[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081 [3]淮安出入境检验检疫局,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《水产科学》2015年第10期621-628,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：江苏省科技厅资助项目(BE2013378);江苏省海洋与渔业局资助项目(201312)

摘　　要：在底部埋有生物饵料培养基的克氏原螯虾池塘中,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳和基因测序技术,研究了2种放养密度(375 kg/hm2、600 kg/hm2,即A和B组)和2种水草覆盖率(占水域面积比20%、35%,即C和D组)条件下(每组设2个重复),底泥中微生物菌落结构特征。试验结果表明:4个试验组池塘底泥中微生物种类和数量存在一定差异。各试验组池塘底泥微生物的Shannon指数分别为2.72、2.94、2.82和2.96,说明水草覆盖率35%试验组池塘底泥微生物种类最丰富。聚类分析表明,不同月份不同处理组池塘底泥微生物群落结构相似度偏低,而放养密度600 kg/hm2试验组和水草覆盖率20%试验组在8月份相似度较高(70%以上),整体上,各样品在时间上的相似度比空间上的相似度高。对微生物组成多样性的分析表明,4组池塘底泥微生物克隆主要隶属于4个门:变形菌门(71%)、疣微菌门(9%)、放线菌门(8%)、绿弯菌门(11%)及其他门类未知的菌群,其中变形菌门的Ideonella属占主要优势,占总比例的24%。The composition and diversity of flora community were studied in sediments in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii ponds with biological bait medium bottom with two kinds of aquatic vegetation（ 20% and 35%of water area,group A,and group B） and stocking densities（ 375 kg / hm2 and 600 kg / hm2,group C,and group D） with duplication by PCR-DGGE and DNA sequencing technology. It was found that there were different bacterial species and count in the sediments in the four treatment groups with Shannon index of 2. 72 in group A,2. 94 in group B,2. 82 in group C and 2. 96 in group D,the most abundant in group D. UPGMA analysis revealed that low similarity of microbial community structure was observed in the different sediments in different time,the higher similarity（ 70%） in groups B and C in August. On the whole,there was higher similarity of all the samples in time than in space. The diversity of the flora showed that sediment microbial cloning in all treatment groups mainly belong to four phyla,Proteobacteria（ 71%）,Verrucomicrobia（ 9%）,Actinobacteria（ 8%）,Chloroflexi（ 11%） and other kinds of unknown microbes,with dominant species Ideonella sp.,accounting for 24%.

关 键 词：培养基 克氏原螯虾 池塘底质 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]