罗非鱼粪便在分解过程中形态和营养成分变化  

Changes in Shape and Nutrients in Decomposition of Tilapia Feces

作　　者：陈家捷 谭洪新[1,2] 于忠利 罗国芝[1,2] 高锦芳[1] 徐雅倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海市奉贤区水产技术推广站,上海201499

出　　处：《水产科学》2015年第10期634-639,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：上海市科技委员会资助项目(14320501900);上海市农业委员会资助项目(沪农科产字2014第5号)

摘　　要：将从循环水养殖系统中收集的新吉富罗非鱼粪便,置于异位式生物絮凝反应器中,用显微镜和扫描电镜观察了粪便转化为絮体过程中结构变化,并测定了粗蛋白、氨基酸、胞外聚合物的变化。粪便在转化过程中结构变疏松,直至最终发展成以丝状菌为骨架的生物絮体。随着粪便的分解,自第4 d开始,反应器中氨氮含量开始缓慢上升,第7 d达到峰值7.46 mg/L,亚硝态氮也随之升至7.81 mg/L,并且硝态氮也开始快速增至21.6 mg/L。絮体粗蛋白含量在第9 d达到最高值(26.37%),总氨基酸在第7 d达到最高值20.44%。絮体中的总氨基酸含量虽比粪便高,但比饲料中总氨基酸33.16%低。絮体疏松结合的胞外聚合物的主要成分是多糖,而紧密结合的胞外聚合物中蛋白质是其主要成分。The bioflocculation process in a reactor was observed under a microscope and scanning electronic microscope and crude protein,amino acids and extracellular polymeric substances were determined in feces of NEW GIFT Oreochromis niloticus collected in a recirculating aquaculture system. It was found that the feces became loosely,feces developed into bioflocs framed with filamentous fungi with reaction of the bioflocs. With the decomposition of feces,there was slow increase in level of the ammonium,with the peak value of 7. 46 mg / L in the reactor on the 7th day,and the nitrite was shown to be increased to 7. 81 mg / L,with the rapidly accumulative nitrate of 21. 6 mg / L. On the 9th day,the crude protein had the peak content of 26. 37%,and then decreased to25. 45%,and the total amino acids was found to be the peak value of 20. 44% on the 7th day,and then decreased to 18. 11%. There were lower level of essential amino acids in bioflocs than in the feed（ 13. 03%）,even though higher than in the feces（ 9. 36%）. The polysaccharides were primariy substance in the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances（ LB-EPS） in the bioflocs,while protein was the main component in the tightly bound EPS（ TB-EPS） in the bioflocs.

关 键 词：粪便 生物絮体 胞外聚合物 

分 类 号：S963.9[农业科学—水产养殖]