重庆冬水田地区杂交水稻的高效施氮策略  

Efficient Nitrogen Application Strategy to Hybrid Rice in Chongqing Winter Paddy Field

作　　者：姚雄[1] 李经勇[1] 文明[1] 刘代杰[1] 唐永群[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329

出　　处：《农学学报》2015年第10期38-43,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：重庆市科技应用开发计划"水稻施肥长期定位试验"(CSTC;2013yykfc80002-7);农业部国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"粮食作物精确定量栽培技术研究与示范"(201303102);重庆市农业科学院百名博士人才培养专项"水氮耦合方式对‘水稻-土壤-水体’生态系统的影响研究"(CQAAS;2013001)

摘　　要：为提高以重庆为代表的西南丘陵山区冬水田水稻的单产水平及氮肥的利用率,实现区域水稻高产高效和生态友好等目标。笔者以大面积水稻生产代表品种‘渝香203’为材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了氮肥施用量与施用方式对水稻抽穗—成熟期生物产量积累与分配、氮素利用率及稻谷产量的影响。研究结果表明：水稻生物产量、氮积累总量以及稻谷产量均随施氮量增加而增加。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于水稻的生物产量积累和合理分配,在中氮处理（10 kg/666.7 m2）采用底肥：穗肥=5：5的施氮方式下,水稻茎鞘输出率和转换率均较高,分别达到56.59%和48.59%。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高氮农学利用效率和表观利用率,适宜的施氮比例受施氮量的影响而不同。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高水稻的穗平实粒数、结实率和千粒重,实现大穗高产。兼顾稻谷产量与氮肥高效,重庆冬水田地区杂交水稻的高效施氮策略为纯氮10 kg/666.7 m2,且采用底肥：穗肥=6：4或5：5的施氮方式。稻谷实际产量为9910.68-9940.62 kg/hm2,平均产量为9925.65 kg/hm2。The study aims to improve per unit yield and nitrogen use efficiency in southwest hilly and mountain area winter paddy fields represented by Chongqing and achieve the target of high yield and high efficiency in regional rice production and an environmental friendly production process.The author selected ＇ Yuxiang 203＇as material,took the method of field trial and studied the effects of fertilizer application amount and methods on accumulation and distribution of biological yield,nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield in heading to mature stage.The results showed that,rice biological yield,nitrogen accumulation quantity and grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to accumulation and rational distribution of biological yield,when the nitrogen rate was 10 kg/666.7 m2,base N fertilizer and jointing N fertilizer proportion was 5：5,the output percent and transportation percent of stemsheath store matter were higher,which were 56.59%and 48.59%,respectively.Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to increase agronomy utilization efficiency and apparent utilization efficiency,the nitrogen application ration varied with nitrogen application.Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to increase plain number of grains per ear,seed setting rate and thousand grain weight,and achieved large panicle and high production.Giving consideration to both grain yield and nitrogen utilization,efficient nitrogen application strategy of hybrid rice in Chongqing winter paddy field was as follows：the nitrogen rate was 10 kg/666.7 m2,the proportion of the base N fertilizer and jointing N fertilizer was 6：4 or 5：5,actual grain yield was 9910.68-9940.62 kg/hm2,the average grain yield was 9925.65 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：冬水田 水稻 施氮量 施氮方式 稻谷产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]