孤独症与正常儿童父母泛自闭症表型特征分析  

Broad autism phenotype in parents of children with and without autism

作　　者：吕莹[1] 张晶宇[1] 张书凯[1] 姚雪[1] 孙彩虹[1] 梁爽[1] 夏薇[1] 武丽杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室,黑龙江150086

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第10期1524-1527,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的探讨孤独症儿童父母与正常儿童父母个性特征是否存在差异,为更好地开展孤独症的临床干预提供依据。方法利用泛自闭症表型问卷(Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaive,BAPQ),对2013年3月至2014年11月期间在哈尔滨医科大学儿童发育行为研究中心进行康复训练的57名孤独症儿童和57名幼儿园正常儿童父母进行问卷调查,问卷包括自评量表和他评量表,内容分为冷漠、语用障碍、刻板个性3个分量表。结果自评量表中孤独症组儿童母亲冷漠、语用障碍和刻板个性3个分量表得分均高于对照组(t值分别为3.92,2.68,2.09,P值均<0.05),且孤独症组儿童母亲冷漠、语用障碍分量表的最佳预测值高于对照组(t值分别为2.90,2.06,P值均<0.05);孤独症组儿童母亲自评的冷漠、语用障碍发生率高于对照组(20.0%与5.4%,23.6%与7.1%)(χ2值分别为5.398,5.820,P值均<0.05);最佳预测值孤独症组母亲冷漠的发生率也高于对照组(18.8%与5.7%)(χ2=4.122,P<0.05);而他评量表中仅见孤独症组儿童父亲语用障碍分量表得分高于对照组(t=2.04,P<0.05)。结论孤独症儿童母亲更容易表现出冷漠、语用障碍和刻板个性的特征,在对孤独症干预的同时,也应关注其母亲的心理和个性特征,开展有针对性的指导。Objective To compare broad autism phenotype in parents of children with and without autism. Methods A total of 57 parents of autistic children and 57 age-, gender-matched parents of normal children were recruited to receive the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire （ BAPQ } assessment, which included three subscales ： aloof personality, pragmatic language, and rigid personality. Results Autism mothers scored higher than normal control mother of all the three dimensions （P〈 0. 05 ）and showed higher scores on the best estimate of aloof and pragmatic language （P〈0.05） ; Also,the autism mothers showed significantly higher rate of aloof and pragmatic language than the control group （20.0% vs 5.4% and 23.6% vs 7.1% ,respectively） ; More autism mothers showed significantly high rate of aloof on the best estimate than the normal group （18.8% vs 5.7%） （P〈0.05） ; The autism fathers showed higher rate of pragmatic language in the informant subscales（P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion Mother of autistic children are more likely to show personality characteristics of aloof personality, pragmatic language, and rigid personality. It is necessary to pay more attention to mental health and personality characteristics among mothers with autistic children and to provide specific help for them in rehabilitation training for autism.

关 键 词：孤独 RETT综合征 精神卫生 儿童 

分 类 号：B848.6[哲学宗教—心理学] R395.6[医药卫生—医学心理学]