球面阵列基线测向算法的误差分析  

Direction finding error of spatial baseline algorithm based on spherical array

作　　者：司伟建[1] 赵嫔姣 刘鲁涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学信息与通信工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第9期3317-3324,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61201410);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(HEUCF130804)~~

摘　　要：针对传统立体基线测向算法中阵元摆放形式单一和天线盘体积受限等问题,提出球面阵列基线测向算法。首先根据简单的几何理论推导出辐射信号入射到不同基线得到的相位差公式,然后采用记忆梯度法求解3个相位差公式构成的非线性方程,得到辐射信号的来波方向。最后通过推导与化简基于球坐标下天线阵列的测向误差公式,从理论上证明球面3根天线阵列被一平面截得的圆为球大圆时测向误差最小,进而提出天线阵列的最佳摆放形式。研究结果表明:与同类算法相比,该算法中阵元位置由平面扩展到空间,摆放更加灵活,使得多模制导的导引头中基线空间位置关系不受限制;所提算法的测向性能(测向均方误差和解模糊概率)良好,对通道不一致系统具有较强的鲁棒性。To deal with the scenario that the placement form of antennas is single and the placement space of antennas is finite, which is common in traditional spatial baseline algorithm, a novel algorithm based on spherical array was proposed. Firstly, the phase difference expressions of incident signal impinging on the different antennas were deduced on the basis of simple geometric theory. Then, nonlinear equations consisting of three phase-error formulas were solved by taking advantages of the memory gradient method, and the direction of arrival（DOA） of the incident signal was obtained. Finally, through derivation and simplification of error formulas of azimuth angle and elevation angle in the spherical coordinates, it was proved that when three antenna arrays were placed in the biggest circle, the direction-finding error was the miminum, thus the best format of antenna arrays in the proposed algorithm could be given. Compared with other similar existing algorithms, the arrays in the proposed algorithm could be placed in three-dimensional space instead of two-dimensional plane, which eliminates the limitation that baselines must be coplanar in the seeker of multimode guidance. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and better direction-finding performance of the proposed algorithm when considering the root mean square error and solving ambiguity probability. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is robust to channel inconsistency.

关 键 词：球面阵列基线法 测向性能 记忆梯度法 

分 类 号：TN911[电子电信—通信与信息系统]