表面特性对水下航行器流体动力的影响研究  

Influences of Surface Characteristics of Underwater Vehicle on Its Hydrodynamic Properties

作　　者：王在铎[1] 王威[2] 张孝石 

机构地区：[1]海军驻中国运载火箭技术研究院军事代表室,北京100076 [2]哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《鱼雷技术》2015年第5期321-325,共5页Torpedo Technology

摘　　要：为进一步优化水下航行器头型设计,通过水洞试验对不同表面特性的水下航行器模型进行了试验研究,对比分析了凹槽、凹坑和光滑头型对水下航行器流体动力的影响,分析了不同表面特性下的自然空泡形态、空泡的周期性波动及阻力系数,得到以下结论:在相同空化数条件下,光滑头型水下航行器具有更好的抗空化特性,而凹槽和凹坑头型则更加容易产生空化并形成完整透明的局部空泡;光滑头型形成的空泡不稳定且不易被观察到,凹槽和凹坑头型的空泡较稳定且呈现周期性波动;在一定速度范围内,凹槽头型和凹坑头型具有较好的减阻效果,当速度为12.8 m/s时,凹槽和凹坑头型的减阻量分别达到5%和8%。该研究可为水下航行器头型的优化设计提供理论参考。To optimize the headform design of an underwater vehicle, water tunnel experiment was conducted to analyze the influences of different surface characteristics of the headform on hydrodynamic properties of the vehicle. The headform includes grooved surface, concave surface and smooth surface. The natural cavity shape, the periodical fluctuation of the cavity and the drag coefficient for different head surface were obtained. The results show that： 1） for same cavitation number, the vehicle with smooth head surface has higher cavitation resistance, but the grooved and concave head surfaces are easier to generate cavitation with complete and transparent partial cavities; 2） the smooth head surface produces unsteady and non-observable cavities, while the grooved and concave head surfaces produce steady cavities with periodic fluctuation; and 3） in a certain speed range, the unsmooth head surfaces（i.e. grooved head surface and concave head surface） can gain better drag reduction property compared with the smooth head surface, and at a speed of 12.8 m/s they can obtain the best drag reduction amount of 5% and 8%, respectively.

关 键 词：水下航行器 表面特性 水洞试验 空泡 减阻 

分 类 号：TJ630.1[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]