不同栽培模式对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effect of different cropping patterns on potato yield and fertilizer use efficiency

作　　者：王亚艺[1] 李松龄[1] 张荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第10期1802-1806,共5页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201303104);青海省农业科技成果转化项目(2012-N-516);科技部农业科技成果转化项目(2012GB2G200472);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAC08B06)

摘　　要：为探讨马铃薯的合理栽培模式,在青海省乐都县开展马铃薯不同栽培模式田间试验,其中,农户模式N和P2O5肥料用量分别为238.5和345.0 kg·hm-2,不施钾肥,春季露地人工播种;现有模式中N,P2O5和K2O肥料用量分别为240.0,210.0和150.0 kg·hm-2,春季人工起垄覆膜、播种;创新模式中N,P2O5和K2O肥料用量分别为180.0,157.5和112.5 kg·hm-2,春季机械起垄覆膜、播种,对比不同模式下马铃薯产量、养分含量及肥料利用率。结果表明,创新模式中马铃薯产量与经济效益最高,产量达35 670 kg·hm-2,毛收入52 078元·hm-2,与农户模式间差异显著;创新模式中作物养分积累量最高,且合理施肥促进了氮磷钾向块茎的转移,提高了养分利用率,氮磷钾的偏生产力也较高,尤其是磷和钾,超过了200 kg·kg-1。综合来看,该创新模式是适合青海浅山地区马铃薯种植栽培的最佳模式。In order to explore the rational cropping pattern for potato,a field experiment was conducted in Ledu County,Qinghai Province. Three modes were set up such as farmer pattern,current pattern and innovative pattern.The amount of N and P2O5 fertilizer used in farmer pattern was 238. 5 and 345. 0 kg·hm- 2,respectively. The seeds were artificially sowed in the open field in spring. The amount of N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer used in current pattern was 240. 0,210. 0 and 150. 0 kg·hm- 2,respectively. The seeds were artificially sowed on the ridging field covered with mulch film in spring. The amount of N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer used in innovative pattern was 180. 0,157. 5and 112. 5 kg·hm- 2,respectively. The seeds were mechanically sowed in the ridging field covered with mulch film in spring. The yield of potato,nutrients content and fertilizer using efficiency under different cropping patterns were compared. It was shown that crop yield under innovation mode was significantly higher than that under farmer pattern. The highest yield and economic benefit was achieved under innovative mode,which was 35 670 kg·hm- 2and52 078 yuan·hm- 2,respectively. The rational fertilization in innovation mode promoted the transfer of NPK to tubers and improved nutrient efficiency,which led to the highest accumulation of nutrients. Meanwhile,the bias productive forces of NPK fertilizer were also high,especially for phosphorus and potassium,which were more than 200 kg·kg- 1. In general,the innovative mode was the best cropping pattern for potato in shallow mountain areas of Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：马铃薯 种植模式 产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]