海水淡化聚酰胺复合反渗透膜的发展趋势与展望  

The development trend and expectation of the polyamide-based reverse osmosis desalination membranes

作　　者：徐国荣[1] 王生辉[1] 赵河立[1] 胥建美 李露[1] 刘晓昱[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《膜科学与技术》2015年第5期122-126,共5页Membrane Science and Technology

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201205019;201405035)

摘　　要：水资源短缺是当今全世界都面临的一个问题.能够把海水转化为人类可应用淡水的海水淡化技术为人们应对水资源危机提供了有效的途径,成为近几十年全人类关注的焦点.分离效率高、操作简单等优点使反渗透膜法海水淡化技术远远优于蒸馏等热法海水淡化技术,成为目前海水淡化的主流技术.聚酰胺复合反渗透膜具有高的通量和盐离子截留率、优良的耐压性能、宽的适用温度和酸碱度范围,已经成为全球反渗透膜的主导.但是,聚酰胺反渗透复合膜仍旧面临三个方面的问题:高能耗导致的相对较高的成本,易于污染,耐氯性较差.所以,其发展方向也主要是集中在这三个方面.本文结合膜法海水淡化技术和淡化膜的发展形势,围绕聚酰胺淡化膜的3个问题进行评述,并对其以后的发展进行展望.Fresh watershortage is one of the most emergent crisis all over the world.Based on the fact that seawater constitutes over 97% of the total water resource,desalination that can translate seawater into the portable water has provided a promising strategy to settle the water crisis.Membrane-based desalination has dominated the desalination area due to their advantages of high separation efficiency and easy operation.Particularly,polyamide-based composite reverse osmosis membranes have overwhelmingly dominated the membrane-based desalination.However,this kind membranes are still faced with three problems of high energy consumption,easy fouling and low chlorine resistance.Therefore,the research of polyamide composite membranes has been mainly focused on these issues.This work provides discussion and review about the development of polyamide composite membranes combined with the research in recent years,hoping that it can gives some fundamental clues for the further development in this area.

关 键 词：海水淡化 反渗透膜 聚酰胺 复合膜 

分 类 号：P747.5[天文地球—海洋科学]