拉伸工艺对渔用聚乙烯纤维结构与性能的影响  

Effect of drawprocess on the structure and properties of fishery polyethylene fibers

作　　者：闵明华 黄洪亮 刘永利 张勋 石建高 王鲁民 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学院东海水产研究所农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2015年第10期1587-1592,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B02;2013BAD13B03);国家自然科学基金(31302230);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2014A10YQ01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)(2012M02)

摘　　要：为纺制高性能渔用聚乙烯纤维,实验以齐鲁石化生产的高密度聚乙烯为原料,进行螺杆挤出机熔融纺丝—多级热拉伸纺丝实验。结果显示,一级拉伸倍数为8.17倍时,聚乙烯纤维的断裂强度和结节强度分别为5.71和4.56 c N/dtex;当采用二级拉伸工艺,一级拉伸倍数8.17倍,总拉伸倍数为9.52倍时,所制备的渔用聚乙烯纤维的断裂强度和结节强度分别为7.91和5.24 c N/dtex,比现行国家标准中规定的聚乙烯单丝优等品指标高出41.3%和34.4%。研究表明,二级拉伸工艺可使聚乙烯大分子链在纤维中的排列更加规整,提高大分子链的取向度,制备的渔用聚乙烯纤维的综合渔用性能更好。随着总拉伸倍数的提高,聚乙烯纤维的断裂强度、声速取向和热性能均显著提高。随拉伸倍数提高,渔用聚乙烯纤维的结节强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。High density polyethylene produced by Qilu Petrochemical Engineering Co. Ltd was melt-spun by screwextruder and then multi-step drawn at high temperature to fabricate high performance fishery PE fibers. It was showed that when the drawratio was 8. 17 in the one-step process,the breaking strength and knot strength of the PE fiber were 5. 71 c N / dtex and 4. 56 c N / dtex,respectively; but when the first and total drawratio were 8. 17 and 9. 52 in the two-step process,the breaking strength and knot strength were7. 91 c N / dtex and 5. 24 c N / dtex,which were 41. 3% and 34. 4% higher than the high-class products specified in the national standard,respectively. It was found that the PE fibers fabricated by two-step process showed more regular macromolecular chains,higher orientation and better fishery properties than those fabricated by one-step process. In addition,with the total drawratio increased,the breaking strength,sound orientation and thermal properties were improved,but the knot strength increased first and subsequently decreased.

关 键 词：渔用纤维 聚乙烯 熔融纺丝 拉伸 力学性能 

分 类 号：S971.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]