环境法领域利益冲突的识别与衡平  

Recognition and Balance of Interest Conflict within Environmental Legal Scope

作　　者：李启家[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2015年第6期134-140,共7页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"法治的生态转型和生态文明法律制度建设研究"(14CDC030)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：利益和利益冲突的解决是法学研究的基本范畴,环境法的研究也当应以利益和利益冲突的解决为主要任务。从社会发展的规律来看,环境法领域的利益需求显现为人的生存和发展的持续性需求,而利益冲突则表现为持续增长的经济社会发展科学进步的利益需求与持续增长的环境保护的利益需求之间的冲突。环境法领域的利益冲突实质是正当利益之间的冲突,本质上是利益所储存的价值发生了抵牾。因此,环境法领域内的利益冲突的解决不能用排除的方法来解决,只能用价值"权衡"的方法来解决,是两个正当利益优位性选择的问题,表现形式是基于可行条件和问题的紧迫性的时空优先顺序的安排,并非对抗性的淘汰式选择,应当奉行"统筹"、"兼顾"和"双赢"的衡平理念。在环境法的利益识别和衡平功能的实现过程中会发生公法与私法的竞合。不同于私法上"利益最大化"的法律理念,环境法应坚持一个最终底线原则,即把握损失的底线——损失最小化。面对中国纷繁复杂的环境问题和利益分配问题,环境法衡平利益冲突是生态文明实践智慧的一种现实展示。Interests and resolvement of its conflicts is a basic category of jurisprudence, as well as of environmental law. From the perspective of social development rules, interest demand manifest as sustainable demand for survive and development of human beings in the environmental law field. Conflicts of interest are characterized by the conflict between increasing eco- nomic and social development needs and increasing requirements of the environmental protection. Conflicts of interest in the field of environmental law is essentially a conflict between legitimate interests. Therefore the only way to solve conflicts of in- terests is to use the value method to balance the different interests, which is a selection problem and is based on the practical conditions and problems of space and time priority arrangement, but not to make confrontational choice. The concepts ＂plan as a whole＂, ＂balance＂ and ＂win--win＂ should be observed. In the process of recognition and balancing, concurrence of public law and private law will happen. Different from ＂benefit maximization＂ in private law, environmental law should stick to a final bottom line principle, namely to grasp the bottom line -- loss minimization.

关 键 词：利益冲突 利益衡平 环境法 损失最小化 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]