水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄果实生长的影响  

Effect of water stress on grape fruit growth under delayed cultivation

作　　者：张芮[1] 成自勇[1] 王旺田[1] 吴玉霞[1] 罗永忠[1] 牛黎莉[1] 张有富[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]河西学院农业与生物技术学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2015年第6期47-54,共8页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51269001;51569002);甘肃省青年科技基金计划(1208RIYA017)

摘　　要：【目的】为设施延后栽培条件下葡萄Vitis vinifera果实的精准调控提供依据.【方法】以当地主栽葡萄品种红地球为材料,采用当地普通日光温室进行延后栽培.将葡萄生育期划分为萌芽期、抽蔓期、开花期、浆果膨大期和着色成熟期,每个生育期内设置轻度、中度2个水分胁迫水平,以全生育期充分供水为对照,研究不同处理对葡萄果实纵横径膨大速率的影响及果实生长与叶片内氮含量、叶绿素含量之间的关系.【结果和结论】延后栽培葡萄果实存在2个明显的高峰膨大周期,且第1个膨大高峰期葡萄果实膨大速率远大于第2个膨大高峰期;葡萄膨大期前16 d的橫径膨大速率和前24 d的纵径膨大速率对葡萄最终粒径的形成具有决定作用.在抽蔓后期至果实膨大初期中度水分胁迫处理果实膨大速率有明显的复水补偿效应,膨大中后期则出现了复水补偿结束后的再减小过程.抽蔓后期至果实膨大初期葡萄叶片N和叶绿素含量对果实初期膨大速率有积极影响.【Objective】To provide a basis for the precise control of grape, Vitis vinifera, fruit development under delayed cultivation. 【Method】 A main local grape cultivar Red Globe was planted in local ordinary sunlight greenhouse. Grape growth was divided into different stages including budding, grapevine extension, flowering, berry expansion, grape coloring and maturing stages. There were mild and moderate water stress at each growth stage, with control of sufficient water supply during the whole growth period. The effects of different treatments on the expansion rates of fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter were studied, and the correlation between fruit growth and leaf nitrogen content or chlorophyll content under different treatments was analyzed.【Result and conclusion】 There were two distinct peak expansion periods of grape fruit enlargement and the enlargement rate in the first peak was far higher than that in the second one. The enlargement rate of fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter respectively in the early 24 days and early 16 days of berry expansion stage determined the final fruit size. The moderate water stress from the late grapevine extension to the early berry expansion stage followed with sufficient water supply resulted in distinct water compensation effects on fruit expansion rate during the early expansion stage and the rate reduced again in the mid and late berry expansion stages. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents had significantly positive effects on initial grape fruit enlargement rate from the late grapevine extension stage to the early berry expansion stage.

关 键 词：水分胁迫 葡萄 延后栽培 果实膨大 叶片N含量 叶片叶绿素含量 耗水强度 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]