雄黄矿区不同砷污染土壤中微生物群落结构及碳源利用特征  

Soil microbial community structure and carbon source metabolic diversity in the Realgar mining area

作　　者：孙玉青[1,2] 张莘[1] 吴照祥[1,2] 伍松林[1,2] 胡亚军[1,2] 邢颖[1,3] 陈保冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]宁夏大学,农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2015年第11期3669-3678,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41101246,41471219)~~

摘　　要：土壤砷污染是我国乃至世界范围内比较严重的环境问题.有关砷污染的生态毒理效应有很多研究,但对砷污染土壤中微生物群落的关注相对较少.本文以我国湖南省石门县雄黄矿地区长期砷污染土壤为例,采用PLFA及BIOLOG微平板技术考察了7个砷（As）污染程度不同的样点以及一个对照样点土壤微生物群落结构及碳源利用特征.结果发现,雄黄矿区存在多种重金属复合污染,除As含量较高以外,镉（Cd）和镍（Ni）的含量也超过了国家土壤环境质量三级标准.雄黄矿区土壤微生物的群落结构受到土壤有机碳（SOC）、有效磷（AP）、p H以及镁（Mg）、Cd、铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）含量的显著影响.各样点土壤微生物群落均以细菌为主,占微生物总量的71.54%-80.66%,真菌次之,放线菌最少.雄黄矿区土壤中的有效砷对微生物造成了较严重的胁迫.严重砷污染降低了微生物对于碳源利用的多样性以及均匀度.各样点微生物对于碳源的利用也表现出明显的差异.31种碳源中微生物利用较多的只有7类,分别属于糖类、胺类、羧酸类与多聚物,并且以糖类为主.Soil arsenic（ As） pollution has become a serious environmental problem not only in China,but all over the world. There were many studies on ecotoxicology of As pollution,but few focus on the microbial community in As contaminated soils. In the present sutdy,PLFA（ phospholipid fatty acid）profiling and BIOLOG-Eco plate technique were adopted to investigate the soil microbial population and function in the Realgar mining area exposed to long-term As contamination in Hunan province of China. The results showed that the Realgar mining area was polluted by multiple heavy metals such as Cd,Ni,as well as As. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the soil exceeded the national soil quality standard of grade Ⅲ. The soil microbial community structure was affected by the soil organic carbon（ SOC）,available phosphorus（ AP）,p H and heavy metals such as Cu,Mg,Fe,Cd. The dominant microorganisms was bacteria in all the sampling sites accounting for 71. 54% - 80. 66% of total microbial PLFA,followed by fungi and antinobacteria. The carbon source utilization diversity and evenness were decreased by high bioavailable As concentrations. There were also marked differences in carbon source utilization by microorganisms among the sampling sites. Among the 31 carbon sources in the BIOLOG-Eco Plates,only 7categories,belonging to sugar,amines,carboxylic acid and polymer,could be used by the microorganisms.

关 键 词：砷 土壤污染 土壤微生物群落 PLFA BIOLOG 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]