大气能量学揭示的高原低涡个例结构及降水特征  

The Structure and Precipitation Characteristics of Typical Tibetan Plateau Vortices as Revealed by Energy Analysis

作　　者：董元昌[1] 李国平[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225

出　　处：《大气科学》2015年第6期1136-1148,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目91337215;41175045;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2012CB417202;公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目GYHY201206042

摘　　要：从能量角度分析了发生于2010年7月21-25日的一次高原低涡天气过程及降水特征。定量讨论了高原低涡发展不同阶段显热能、潜热能和对流有效位能（CAPE）的时空分布特征以及各能量分量变化的原因。发现：（1）显热能在高原低涡生成初期是总能量变化的主导因素,潜热能则在高原低涡东移下坡之后对总能量的变化起主要作用;（2）潜热能的空间分布证实高原低涡在成熟阶段出现与台风类似的螺旋结构;（3）标准化对流有效位能（NCAPE）在高原低涡发展最强盛时呈现明显的空心结构;（4）高原低涡的降水主要分布在低涡中心的东南侧或南侧,这与高原低涡的环流以及能量分布特征有密切关系。A precipitation case caused by the Tibetan Plateau Vortex（TPV） process that occurred during 21-25 July 2010 is investigated by means of energy analysis. This paper focuses on the characteristics of distribution and the reasons for the changes of apparent energy, latent energy, and Convective Available Potential Energy（CAPE） during the TPV＇s different development periods. The main results are as follows：（1） Apparent energy is responsible for the changes of total energy at the beginning, while latent energy is the main reason in the later development period;（2） The spiral structure of latent energy in the mature stage of the TPV is very clear, which can indicate the degree of development of the TPV;（3） Normalizing the CAPE values by the depth over which the integration takes place provides an index（NCAPE） that presents a clear hollow structure during the TPV＇s strong period;（4） Precipitation related to the TPV is mainly distributed in the southeast or south of the vortex center, which has a close relationship with the TPV＇s circulation and energy distribution characteristics.

关 键 词：高原低涡 能量分析 降水分布 螺旋带 空心结构 

分 类 号：P443[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]