粘性泥流沟道内堆积特性的直槽概化模型试验分析  

Straight flume generalized model tests of accumulation characteristics of viscous mudflows in channel

作　　者：王之君[1,2,3] 拓万全[1] 李仁年[2] 樊新建[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2015年第5期83-91,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51269009);交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200231800036);中科院"西部之光"人才培养计划在职博士研究生项目(2012)~~

摘　　要：粘性泥流作为粘性泥石流这一山区最常见也是危害最大的泥石流类型的基质,其堆积特性在较大程度上可以反映粘性泥石流的运动规律。设计建造室内直槽概化模型试验台,反复开展了不同条件组合下的粘性泥流直槽堆积试验。试验结果进一步证实:粘性泥流在任意沟道坡度下均能发生堆积,堆积厚度沿程不等。基于不等厚度假定,应用一维静力理论分析方法导出了两种简单条件下粘性泥流的堆积形态曲线方程。经与模型试验及野外实测曲线对比,二者符合情况较好,所得方程可供预测粘性泥石流在天然沟道中的堆积范围提供参考。As the stroma of the viscous debris flows, viscous mudflow is the most common and disastrous type of the debris flows in the mountain areas, the accumulation characteristics of which are representative of the flow law of the viscous debris flows. In this study, an indoor straight flume generalized model testing device was designed and built to carry out accumulation tests of the viscous mudflows in different conditions repeatedly. The results of the tests further verified that viscous mudflows may accumulate in any slope conditions with different thicknesses along its flowing route. Based on the assumption of unequal thickness, the curve equations of the accumulation states in two typical and simple conditions were deduced according to the one - dimensional static theoretical analyzing meth- od. Comparison of the measured curves obtained from model tests with field observations shows that they are well a- greed. The equations could provide a reference for predicting the accumulation range of the viscous debris flows in natural channels.

关 键 词：粘性泥流 堆积特性 概化模型 不等厚度假定 静力理论分析方法 

分 类 号：TV144[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]