美国的贸易政治对贸易政策决策的影响——基于TPP谈判的视角  

The Influence of America's Trade Politics on Trade Policy Decisions: Based on the Perspective of the TPP Negotiations

作　　者：项卫星[1] 王冠楠[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学美国研究所 [2]吉林大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2015年第11期21-29,127,共9页World Economy Studies

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目"中美经济相互依赖及其非对称性特征:基于世界经济格局视角的研究"(项目编号"13YJA790126)的阶段性成果;吉林大学哲学社会科学创新团队建设项目"国际金融理论创新与国际货币体系改革研究"(项目编号:2012FRTD02)的资助

摘　　要：文章认为,奥巴马总统推动的TPP谈判之所以引发国会与政府之间的政治博弈,主要是因为民主党与共和党在经济全球化和自由贸易这一问题上产生了分歧;在这场博弈的背后,是美国贸易政策决策的整个政治过程即贸易政治;在有关TPP的谈判内容和谈判条款的设定上,各利益集团都试图通过对国会议员的游说来抵制由自由贸易协定带来的冲击;在国会两党竞争的政治格局中,相关利益集团的利益是通过两党的不同政治主张而集中显示,并最终体现在由政府制定的贸易政策上;而政府在制定有关TPP谈判的政策时,首先考虑的是国家的整体利益,这是由美国贸易政策的特殊性,即它是国家整体外交政策的有机组成部分这一点所决定的。中国在与美国的双边贸易往来中,为规避其贸易政治的影响,应通过继续对其"院外援华集团"实施"利益均衡"的策略,培育其与中国之间的"相容利益";同时加强与那些保护性利益集团之间的沟通和磋商;并借助"中美战略与经济对话"这一机制和平台,加强与美国行政部门的沟通、磋商及协调。We believe that the reason why TPP negotiations held by President Obama has triggered political debate between congress and the government is that the Democrats and Republicans hold different opinions on the question of economic globalization and free trade. Behind the political game is the making process of United States Trade Policy decisions. In the settings of negotiation contents and provisions of TPP,all kinds of interest groups are trying to boycott the shock from free trade agreement by lobbying the congress. Under the congress political situation of the competition,the interests of relevant interest groups are reflected on the different political views of each party and ultimately on the trade policy made by the government. Then during the policy formulating progress of TPP negotiations by government,the country's overall interest is the priority,which is decided by the particularity of U. S. Trade Policy that is an integral part of the overall country's foreign policy. To avoid influence by the U. S. Trade Policy,in the bilateral trade with the United States,China should implement the strategy of ' balance interests' on the ' China Lobby' and cultivate the ' incompatible interests' with them. At the same time,China should strengthen the communication and consultation with those trade protectionist interest groups and with the help of the platform of the ' China-U. S. strategic and economic dialogue' enhance the coordination with the administrative department of the United States.

关 键 词：美国 贸易政治 贸易政策 博弈 决策 

分 类 号：F757.12[经济管理—国际贸易] D771.2[经济管理—产业经济]