基于EFDC模型的感潮江段溢油事故风险预测  

Prediction of oil spill risk on tide sect of Yangtze River based on EFDC model

作　　者：田威[1] 邱利[2] 李一平[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省水文水资源勘测局,江苏南京210029 [2]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水资源保护》2015年第6期98-102,共5页Water Resources Protection

摘　　要：为了在溢油事故发生后能够立即采取有效措施控制和减轻油污染,降低事故危害,采用环境流体动力学模型(EFDC)对长江下游靖江段某码头进行溢油事故风险影响预测。通过EFDC准确地模拟出该江段的二维流场,在流场、风场以及复杂地形等综合条件下,采用拉格朗日质点追踪法计算油品入江后油膜漂移轨迹以及到达、离开下游保护区的时间。结果表明:油膜沿水流方向逐渐被拉伸,覆盖面积逐渐增大,且受长江地形条件影响;在感潮江段,潮流场对油膜漂移行为的影响占主导作用,同时风场也会影响油膜的漂移行为。受涨落潮的影响,油膜向下游来回震荡漂移;溢油事故发生时刻的流场不同,油膜往下游漂移的速度也不同,当溢油事故发生在落潮时,油膜往下游漂移速度更快;不利风向时风速越大,油膜往下游漂移的速度越快。In order to take effective measures in time to alleviate and control the oil pollution and minimize the damage after the accidents,Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code（ EFDC） was applied to simulate the oil spill risk occurred in Jingjiang section in the downstream area of Yangtze River. Through EFDC, two-dimensional hydrodynamic of this section was accurately simulated. Considering the flow fields,wind fields and complex topographic conditions,Lagrange tracking method was used to calculate the oil film trajectory after oil spilling into the river,as well as the arrival and leave time to the Reserve in the downstream. The results showed that the oil film was stretched gradually along the flow direction, whose coverage area increased gradually, which was influenced by the terrain condition of Yangtze River. In the tide sect of the Yangtze River,flow fields played a dominant role in oil pollution diffusion,and wind fields also had an impact on oil pollution diffusion. The oil film moved downstream in terms of drift oscillation due to the alternative flood tide and ebb tide. When oil spill accident occurred in different flow field,the drift velocity of oil film was different. The oil film spread downstream faster when oil spill accident occurred at ebb tide. The larger the wind speed in the worst wind direction,the faster the oil film drifted downstream.

关 键 词：感潮江段 溢油事故 环境流体动力学模型 油膜 油污染 漂移轨迹 风险预测 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]