儒家的良知理论和作为权利的良心自由  

Confucian Theory of Conscience and Freedom of Conscience

作　　者：陈斯彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学法学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第5期35-43,共9页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

摘　　要：良心自由保护人的道德自主,树立人的主体性,建构现代法治的基础。儒家具有关注良心的悠久传统。孔子"仁"的学说是《世界人权宣言》第1条中的"良心"的理论渊源,但与第18条中的"良心自由"没有直接关系。儒家的良心学说始于孟子的心性学说,成于王阳明的良知学说。传统的良知学说明了人的道德自主性,具有凸显人的主体性和人的尊严之倾向。不过儒家学说中良心自由乃指人们认识儒家伦理的自由,不承认人类道德立法的权利。而良心的立法和审判两种功能中,前者是关键,因此儒家实质是否定良心自由。The freedom of conscience, protecting people＇s moral autonomy, is also an important issue for Chinese legal construction. ＂Benevolence＂ doctrine, a code of ethics emphasizing the human fraternity, does not metal conscience. The Chinese conscience doctrines originates from Mencius＇s Xinxing theory and is formulated in Wang Yangming＇s conscience theory. The traditional conscience theory attaches importance on the individual＇s subjectivity and dignity, yet overemphasizes the adjustment to the current world and neglects the legislation function of conscience freedom. Thus the theory and appeal of freedom of conscience could not be proposed. Therefore, the nation should keep space with the Confucius to avoid the integration of politics, but could advocate moral ideas conforming to the freedom of conscience. In modem times, Confucianism still can play an active role in society.

关 键 词：仁 良心自由 人的尊严 

分 类 号：B82-051[哲学宗教—伦理学]