莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价  

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Eastern Laizhou Bay

作　　者：徐艳东[1,2] 魏潇 夏斌 付翔 岳英洁 吴兴伟 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [3]山东省水产设计院,山东济南250013

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2015年第4期520-528,共9页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项--山东半岛蓝色经济区建设的海洋空间布局优化技术体系及决策服务系统应用示范(201205001);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目--莱州湾海岸线动态变化以及对水动力影响研究(BS2010HZ018);山东省软科学研究计划项目--山东省海洋环境监测优化布点研究(2014RKB12003)

摘　　要：基于2015年莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物7种重金属质量分数的调查资料,通过数据处理、主成分分析方法,分析了该海域的重金属分布特征和其主要来源,并利用潜在生态风险指数法,对表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:研究海域表层沉积物中各重金属的质量分数均符合第一类沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量状况良好;该区域重金属来源主要有莱州湾环流输送、陆源排污、海上交通污染和大气沉降等,但不同重金属进入海洋环境的途径有所不同;研究区域重金属综合潜在生态风险程度低,各重金属的潜在生态风险由高到低为Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn,13.33%的站位Cd为中潜在生态风险,Cd在7种重金属生态风险中的贡献率最高,为主要潜在生态风险因子;应加强莱州湾东部海域沉积物中Cd质量分数的监测,重点关注其高值区的潜在生态风险。With field observation data of seven elements （heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and metalloid As） in surface sediments of the Eastern Laizhou Bay in 2015, their spatial distribution and sources were analyzed and explored by data processing and principal components analysis （PCA）, and their potential ecological risks were assessed by potential ecological risk index （RI）. The results show that the studied areas were in rather good status whose heavy metal and metalloid contents in surface sediments comply with the national first-class benchmark in marine sediment quality （GB 18668-2002）. Heavy metals and metalloid pollutants of the studied areas mainly came from transportation of the Laizhou Bay circulation, terrestrial sewage discharge, maritime traffic pollution, and atmospheric deposition, etc. However, each pollutant had its own path to the marine environment. Their pollutions were at the low level of comprehensive potential ecological risk, in descending order of Cd〉Hg〉As〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr〉Zn. Cadmium was determined as the principal ecological risk factor, as its potential ecological risk was moderate in 13.33% of all the 15 sampling stations, and its contribution ratio was the highest among seven studied elements. Therefore, close watch-out and stringent control shall be taken to prevent cadmium pollutions, and special attentions shall be paid to potential ecological risk to high value areas of cadmium in the eastern Laizhou Bay.

关 键 词：重金属 沉积物 生态风险评价 主成分分析 莱州湾 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学]