中国政府与“保护的责任”辩论:基于安理会相关辩论发言的分析  

The Chinese Government and the Debate on Responsibility to Protect:An Analysis based on UN Security Council Proceedings

作　　者：陈拯[1] 朱宇轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2015年第5期130-155,159-160,共26页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题"中国参与国际人道主义干预规范塑造的对策研究"(课题批准号:2013EGJ001);上海市教委2013年度"晨光计划"项目"国际人道主义干预规范变迁机制与中国对策研究"(项目编号:13CG14)的支持

摘　　要：近年来,"保护的责任"的理念迅速发展,对中国外交传统话语构成了挑战,已成为中国外交研究的热门议题。文章通过梳理中国常驻联合国代表团在安理会"武装冲突中保护平民"辩论中的表态,以及达尔富尔、利比亚、叙利亚等关键投票后的解释性发言,以编码聚类与词频统计的方式,归纳了中方话语调整的基本特征,凸显了其延续性与灵活性。文章认为,中方巳形成了对"保护的责任"有条件的支持、强调对其应用进行适当约束的基本立场。在相关辩论中,中方论述集中于如何"负责任"地实践"保护的责任"。伴随事态发展,话语焦点也从"有条件地适用"转为"反对滥用"。中国政府力图防止因"保护的责任"概念过快发展而对国际秩序与自身利益构成冲击,并努力推动"负责任保护"的实现。中方无意对抗或颠覆国际人道秩序,相反还是其重要的建设性力量。The concept of Responsibility to Protect(R2P) has developed rapidly in recent years,and' as it has grown to constitute a challenge to traditional Chinese foreign policy narratives,R2P has attracted growing attention from Chinese foreign policy researchers.Based on an content analysis of statements made at UN Security Council meetings on 'Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict',by the Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations,as well as explanations following critical votes on Darfur,Libya,Syria and other cases,this article provides an overview of the characteristics of Chinese discourse on R2P.Through the application of techniques such as word cluster analysis and word frequency analysis,the study highlights both the continuity and flexibility of this discourse.It is argued that China provides conditional support for 'responsibility to protect',emphasizing its view that a certain level of constraint must be exerted with respect to its application.In its related statements,China concentrates its arguments on how to 'responsibly' practice R2P,and depending on the mood and tone of the discursive context,China may shift its focus from 'conditional application' to 'opposition to abuse' of the principle.In order to avoid frictions with international norms and vis-d-vis China's own interests,the Chinese government has worked to prevent the concept of R2P from developing too quickly,and has advocated for the international community to engage in 'responsible protection'.By no means does China intend to oppose or undermine or international humanitarian practice,but quite to the contrary,China has been a significant and constructive force in supporting its development.

关 键 词：保护的责任 外交话语 编码聚类 词频分析 

分 类 号：D820[政治法律—政治学]