《论语》“未足与议也”解诂  

Commentaries on“未足与议也”in The Analects of Confucius

作　　者：刘奕[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第6期73-82,共10页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：《论语·里仁》"士志于道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也"一句,自皇侃《论语义疏》以来,近一千六百年,学者都把末句解释为不足同他商议(大道),这恐怕是错误的。统计先秦语料可以发现,"议"的意思是"言得其宜",作名词时就是判别是非得失的言论,作动词时意思就是判别是非得失,陈说自己认为正确的看法,即评议、品评、判别,而后世常用的单纯的商量、讨论的义项,此时基本未见用例。同时就《论语》的情实分析,孔子对后生晚辈的态度是教诲引导,也不可能是商议。因此末句有两种可能的解释,一是不足同他评议何者为(做人)之宜,二是这样的人不足获得品评,即其人不值一提。第二种解释中,"与"作动词,读去声,表示获得、得到,在先秦时代广有运用。无论从语法看还是从情实看,第二种解释更值得接受。The last part of the sentence ＂士志于道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也＂ from the Chapter Li-Ren in The Analects of Confucius has been probably misinterpreted as ＂not sufficient to discuss （ the Way） with him＂ for almost 1,600 years since Huang Kan＇ s On the Analects of Confucius. Through an analysis of the Pre-Qin Dynasty data, we find that ＂议＂ means ＂言得其宜＂, which, as a noun, refers to the speeches and arguments judging right or wrong, gains or losses, and as a verb, refers to making such judgments and delivering one＇ s opinions, or in a nutshell, commenting, appreciating and criticizing. But the later generations have used it simply as ＂negotiate＂ and ＂confer＂, losing its previous usages. What＇ s more, judging from the real context of The Analects of Confucius, the attitude Confucius held toward his disciples and the younger generation is that of instruction and guidance, instead of conferring. In view of this, the last part can be interpreted in the following two ways： not sufficient to discuss with him how to behave appropriately or such a person is not sufficient to gain commentaries, i.e. , not noteworthy. In the second interpretation, ＂与＂ is used as a verb with failing tone and means ＂gain＂, the usage of which was prevalent before the Qin Dynasty. Thus, no matter grammatically or contextually, the second interpretation is more convincing.

关 键 词：论语 议 商议 评议 与 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]