湖南汨罗方言的体貌助词“开”  

The AspectParticle[·k^ha]开in Miluo Dialect,Hunan Province

作　　者：陈山青[1] 施其生[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学文学与新闻传播学院 [2]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《方言》2015年第4期302-308,共7页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"湘;赣语毗连地带方言语法研究"(10BYY017)资助

摘　　要：湖南汨罗方言里的"开[·k^ha]"对应普通话的"了_1",按语义及句法功能的差异,可分为两个:"开_a"和"开_b"。汨罗话另有一个也相当于"了_1"的"得_1[_ctei]",是个更典型的体貌助词。但两者并不相同:"开_a"关乎动作完结,具有现时相关眭,是个表示"完成"的体貌助词;"得_1"关乎动作成为事实,不一定完结,不一定具有现时相关性,是个表示"实现"的体貌助词。"开_a"有其限定的使用环境,虚化不很彻底;"得_1"使用上很自由,已完全虚化。"开_b"也表实现,可换说为"得_1"而意义无别,只是使用范围要窄得多。"开"的主要用法是充当完成体,不能被"得_1"所取代,在汨罗方言体貌系统中的地位不可或缺。从演变轨迹看,体貌助词"开"由作补语、表扩张义的趋向动词"开趋[_ck^ha]"语法化而来。In Miluo dialect, the aspect particle [· kha]开 corresponding to le 了1 in Putonghuacan be divided into [ · kha] 开a and E . kha] 开b according functions. It is different from another aspect particle [tei] more kai to different semantic and syntactic 1 which acts as le 了1 and is typical. [. kha] 开a is a perfect particle while [ dei] 得1 is a perfective one. Although denotes perfective, the range of is indispensable in the aspectual system application is much narrower. The use of [-kha]~： and it mainly works as a perfect particle. As for evolution path, the perfect particle [. kha] 开 is grammaticalized from the directional verb[ckha] 开趋 which indicates expansion and acts as complement.

关 键 词：湘语 汨罗方言 体貌 助词“开”完成 实现 语法化 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]