如何分辨善与恶?——兼评桑德尔教授的“正义论”公开课  

How to Distinguish between Good and Evil?——Comments on Professor Sandel's open class of justice

作　　者：陈晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2015年第6期78-85,共8页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"功能主义与身心问题研究"(项目编号:10BZX020);广东省社会科学"十一五"规划项目"非还原物理主义如何可能"(项目编号:09C-01);中国逻辑学会学术研究重点项目"对塔斯基页理论的批评与重建"(项目编号:13CLZD001)阶段成果

摘　　要：对日常生活中的善与恶的分辨最终需要追溯到道德哲学的基本分野,即功利论与道义论。功利论评价善与恶的基本标准是"最大幸福原则",因而是相对的和有条件的;道义论评价善与恶的标准是基于善良意志的,因而是绝对的和无条件的。就日常生活的道德规范而言,功利主义具有更强的适用性和可行性。在此,由功利主义基本原则派生出"自愿原则"和"随机原则"等,用以解决桑德尔在其"正义"公开课上讨论的若干案例,并得出不同的结论。The distinction between good and evil in our daily life need to trace back finally to the basic divided schools of moral philosophy, utilitarianism and deontology. The utilitarian criterion of appraising good or evil is the greatest happiness principle, and it is relative and conditional. The deontological criterion of appraising good or evil is based on the good will, and it is absolute and unconditional. As far as norms of daily life are concerned, utilitarianism has more applicability and feasibility. I derive the principle of voluntariness and the principle of random from the utilitarian principle, thereby dealing with the cases presented by Sandel in his open class of justice and giving somedifferent answers to them.

关 键 词：功利论 道义论 最大幸福原则 绝对命令 

分 类 号：B207.24[哲学宗教—中国哲学]