运动神经假体康复技术回顾与展望  

Rehabilitation Technology with Motor Neuroprosthesis:Review and Outlook

作　　者：张力新[1] 王忠鹏[1] 陈龙[1] 蒋晟龙 王威杰[2] 何峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津300072 [2]英国邓迪大学运动分析研究所矫形及创伤外科系泰滨矫形及康复技术中心

出　　处：《纳米技术与精密工程》2015年第6期404-413,共10页Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81222021;31271062;61172008;81171423;51007063);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAI34B02);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-10-0618)

摘　　要：运动神经假体是一类帮助神经系统受损患者恢复或替代其身体运动功能的电子装置,通过功能性电刺激(FES)技术代替大脑发出神经控制命令来激励相关肌肉活动、驱动受损肢体或直接控制人工假体完成预期动作,达到恢复或替代肢体运动功能目的.另外,脑-机接口(BCI)技术也是运动神经假体系统中的关键组成部分,它通过提取与解码大脑神经活动实现人脑与神经假体之间的交互.目前,随着FES技术以及BCI技术的高速发展,运动神经假体系统已经在脊髓损伤和中风患者的康复和功能辅助方面得到了广泛的临床应用,现阶段的研究热点在于如何开发更加有效的神经译码技术,提取出更丰富的大脑指令信息,使患者可以控制神经假体完成复杂的运动功能来满足日常活动的需要.未来,运动神经假体系统将向着便携化、网络化和更加逼近自然肢体功能的方向发展.本文主要介绍运动神经假体系统的组成和应用,综述运动神经假体康复技术的发展历程与现状,以期为神经损伤患者及从事神经假体技术研究的科研人员提供参考和帮助.Motor neuroprosthesis is a kind of electronic device intending to help patients with injured nerv-ous systems to restore or substitute for their motor function.It can use functional electrical stimulation （ FES） instead of electrophysiological signals to activate muscles and control artificial prosthesis to drive limbs to achieve expected movements, so as to recover or substitute motor function of limbs.In addition, the brain-computer interface （BCI） technology is a key part of the motor neuoprosthesis system.It extracts and decodes brain activity to achieve the interaction between human brain and neuroprosthesis.Now, with the rapid development of FES technology and BCI technology, motor neuroprosthesis system has been wide-ly applied in clinical rehabilitation and functional assistance of spinal cord injury and stroke patients.At＆amp;nbsp;this stage, the research focus is on developing more effective neural decoding techniques to extract more ex-tensive brain instruction information, so that patients can control neuroprosthesis to carry out complex mo-tion functions to meet daily needs.In the future, motor neuroprosthesis system will be more portable, more network-oriented and more natural limb function approximated.This paper reviewed the development and current situation of motor neuroprosthesis system, from the aspects of structure and classification in hope of providing reference for nerve injury patients and researchers who are engaged in neuroprosthesis technology.

关 键 词：运动神经假体 功能替代 功能重建 功能性电刺激 脑-机接口 

分 类 号：R318.1[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TN911.7[医药卫生—基础医学]